{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:34:39Z","timestamp":1791819279569,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG072898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG072898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016284","name":"VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2 CX002336\u201001A2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2 CX002336\u201001A2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016284","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2P50\u2010AA\u2010012870\u201023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P50\u2010AA\u2010012870\u201023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA013520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA013520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA025479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA025479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA026075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA026075"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA028807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA028807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA028968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA028968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA029258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA029258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA029258\u201004S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA029258\u201004S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99\u2010AA\u2010030821"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99\u2010AA\u2010030821"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AA\u2010030116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AA\u2010030116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2UL1TR001863\u201006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2UL1TR001863\u201006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH1820044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH1820044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HD\u2010104297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HD\u2010104297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This critical review summarizes the current state of omics\u2010based biomarkers in the alcohol research field. We first provide definitions and background information on alcohol and alcohol use disorder (AUD), biomarkers, and \u201comic\u201d technologies. We next summarize using (1) genetic information as risk\/prognostic biomarkers for the onset of alcohol\u2010related problems and the progression from regular drinking to problematic drinking (including AUD), (2) epigenetic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD and risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, (3) transcriptomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and (4) metabolomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and predictive biomarkers for response to acamprosate in subjects with AUD. In the final section, the clinical implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T12:08:54Z","timestamp":1731499734000},"page":"5-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Next\u2010generation biomarkers for alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment: A\u00a0critical review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3193-6923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaunna L.","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5137-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily E.","family":"Hartwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6796-9938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doo\u2010Sup","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science  Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science  Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6952-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John H.","family":"Krystal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5345-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert O.","family":"Messing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3274-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura B.","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2110468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Alcohol biomarkers in clinical and forensic contexts","volume":"115","author":"Andresen\u2010Streichert H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02608-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000149977.95306.3A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01775.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01097-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18070881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/ags078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2021.104510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-022-01376-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.911861"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2022-0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319834767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-022-01554-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0389-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2018.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"BEST (biomarkers, EndpointS, and other tools) resource","author":"FDA\u2010NIH Biomarker Working Group","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1032362"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-55"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2022.2073449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-021-00402-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12792"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2019.1628218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1940-0640-9-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02442-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-015-0195-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2022.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.21090892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01281-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0534-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20230488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-00945-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-6-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00088-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-0668-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0307-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01378-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-021-01186-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00406-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbw114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1514-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2014.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2019.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.804222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/13297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.769832"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01302-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/104209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2009.00159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7482.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02423-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32636"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17849\/insm-48-1-1-1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.32252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.1750101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2018-0177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18040369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05477-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Advances in medications and tailoring treatment for alcohol use disorder","volume":"37","author":"Seneviratne C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01605.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159295"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44302-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2023.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2018.1499128"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","first-page":"677","article-title":"Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism in Chinese men","volume":"48","author":"Thomasson H.R.","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0275-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","first-page":"457","article-title":"Medications for alcohol use disorder","volume":"93","author":"Winslow B.T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020)Global Health estimates 2020: disease burden by cause age sex by country and by region 2000\u20132019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2009.00185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-019-0753-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0935-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1151200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02653-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0643-5"}],"container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.15476","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T11:01:59Z","timestamp":1737111719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.15476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.15476"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.15476","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2993-7175","2993-7175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2993-7175","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-7175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}