{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T06:25:03Z","timestamp":1777703103949,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01AA023267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01AA023267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examines whether state\u2010level alcohol policy types in the United States relate to substance use disorder treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant and birthing people.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from the Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS\u2010A) and Vital Statistics birth data for 1992\u20132019. We examined 16 state\u2010level policies, grouped into three types: youth\u2010specific, general population, and pregnancy\u2010specific alcohol policies. Using Poisson and logistic regression, we assessed policy effects for those under 21 (aged 15\u201320) and considered whether effects differed for those just over 21 (aged 21\u201324).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Youth\u2010specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions or preterm birth. There were statistically significant associations between family exceptions to minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) policies and low birthweight, but findings were in opposite directions across possession\u2010focused and consumption\u2010focused (MLDA) policies and did not differentially apply to people 15\u201320 versus 21\u201324. Most pregnancy\u2010specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions, and none were significantly associated with birth outcomes. A few general population policies were associated with improved birth outcomes and\/or increased treatment admissions. Specifically, both government spirits monopolies and prohibitions of spirits and heavy beer sales in gas stations were associated with decreased low birthweight among people 15\u201320 and among people 21\u201324. Effects of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) limits varied by age, with slight reductions in adverse birth outcomes among people 15\u201320, as BAC limits get stronger, but slight increases for those 21\u201324. Although treatment admissions rates across ages were similar when BAC limits were in place, treatment admissions were greater for pregnant people 21\u201324 than for 15\u201320 when there were no BAC limits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>General population policies also appear effective for reducing the adverse effects of drinking during pregnancy for young people, including those under 21. Policies that target people based on age or pregnancy status appear less effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T02:03:21Z","timestamp":1734314601000},"page":"460-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Understanding the effects of alcohol policies on treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant people"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5310-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nancy F.","family":"Berglas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California, San Francisco  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation  Santa Cruz California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Treffers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation  Santa Cruz California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Trangenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group Public Health Institute  Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1336-7552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi S.","family":"Subbaraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Health and Recovery Studies Public Health Institute  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah C. M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California, San Francisco  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agad056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00263-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsads.2014.s17.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0328-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wmh3.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton B.E. Martin J.A.&Osterman M.J.K.(2023)Births: provisional data for 2022. Vital Statistics rapid release; no. 28. In: National Center for Health Statistics (Ed.). Hyattsville MD.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:127052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14922"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14314"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108918"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"NIAAA.Alcohol policy information system. Available at:http:\/\/www.alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov\/[Accessed 19th April 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/692694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30021-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70211-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2019.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.27138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2015.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181bbd46c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agae015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15156"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agx069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.23\u201000414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2024)Healthy people 2030. Available at:https:\/\/health.gov\/healthypeople[Accessed 5th July 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.178004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","volume-title":"The SAFER technical package: five areas of intervention at national and subnational levels","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093796"}],"container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.15512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T18:50:23Z","timestamp":1743792623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.15512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.15512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.15512","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2993-7175","2993-7175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2993-7175","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-7175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}