{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:59:53Z","timestamp":1773007193310,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P60\u2010007611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P60\u2010007611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32\u2010007462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32\u2010007462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One trait of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is continuing to drink despite negative consequences. The current study investigated initial\/early aversion\u2010resistant drinking (ARD) across selectively bred alcohol\u2010preferring lines to assess aversion resistance with minimal ethanol history and subsequent ethanol\u2010seeking and drinking profiles. Additionally, ARD was assessed in alcohol\u2010preferring and non\u2010preferring rats using a sucrose reinforcer to determine if ARD may be a genetic risk factor for AUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male and female alcohol\u2010preferring rats were given four concentrations of quinine (0.03, 0.10, 0.30, and 1.00\u2009g\/L\u2014in random order) in an ethanol solution in the homecage for 30\u2009min daily across 12\u2009days. Seeking and drinking were then assessed in the operant chambers. Additional groups of alcohol\u2010preferring and non\u2010preferring rats were given access to the same concentrations of quinine\u2010adulterated sucrose using the same daily, random\u2010order presentation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In ethanol, all preferring lines performed similarly, showing resistance to quinine at the lowest concentration. In the homecage, high\u2010alcohol\u2010drinking (HAD)1 rats drank high levels of ethanol similar to alcohol\u2010preferring (P) rats, whereas in an operant task were more similar to the HAD2 rats. In sucrose, P and HAD2 rats were shown to be aversion resistant at low concentrations of quinine compared to baseline. Overall, the non\u2010preferring lines all demonstrated sensitivity to quinine\u2010adulterated sucrose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates alcohol\u2010preferring lines show similar ARD when ethanol is the reinforcer. Regarding motivated responding, P rats show high\u2010seeking and drinking behaviors as previously observed. In the homecage, HAD1 rats drink similarly to P rats indicating that different conditions (i.e., free vs. operant access) influence drinking behaviors between these lines. Importantly, in a sucrose reinforcer, alcohol\u2010preferring rats are more aversion\u2010resistant than non\u2010preferring lines, while non\u2010preferring lines show high sensitivity to aversion, suggesting an overall tendency to demonstrate a low level of compulsive behavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T03:54:07Z","timestamp":1735271647000},"page":"476-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing initial\/early aversion\u2010resistant drinking across male and female alcohol\u2010preferring and non\u2010preferring rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kari M.","family":"Haines","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana Alcohol Research Center Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4288-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholle E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana Alcohol Research Center Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristine L.","family":"Czachowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana Alcohol Research Center Indiana University Indianapolis  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12523"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2019.172816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cashperspect.a011940"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"1778","article-title":"A characterization of approach and avoidance learning in high\u2010alcohol\u2010drinking (HAD) and low\u2010alcohol\u2010drinking (LAD) rats","volume":"24","author":"Blankenship M.R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2008.00797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000036284.74513.A5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1116901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091\u20103057(88)90336\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.105"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Selected lines and inbred strains. 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