{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:25:11Z","timestamp":1789172711828,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,2]],"date-time":"2025-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31AA031427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31AA031427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA028218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA028218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2010activating polypeptide (PACAP) has been found to be involved in a wide range of motivated and affective behaviors. While the PACAP\u201038 isoform is more densely expressed than PACAP\u201027 in most of the brain, PACAP\u201027 is more highly expressed in the rodent paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), where females also have greater expression than males. Notably, the role of PACAP\u201027 expression in cells of the PVT has not been explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult, female Long\u2010Evans rats were injected in the PVT with an adeno\u2010associated virus (AAV) to increase expression of PACAP or a control AAV. They were then investigated for subsequent ethanol drinking and preference; sucrose drinking and preference; or locomotor activity in a novel chamber, behavior in a light\u2013dark box, behavior in a novelty suppression of feeding test, locomotor activity in a familiar activity chamber, and behavior in a forced swim test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Injection with the PACAP AAV resulted in a specific increase in levels of PACAP\u201027. Rats injected with the PACAP AAV demonstrated reduced drinking and preference for ethanol under the intermittent\u2010access procedure compared to those injected with the control AAV. In contrast, rats injected with the PACAP AAV showed no significant difference in drinking or preference for sucrose, or in any affective behavior tested, except that they spent less time swimming in the forced swim test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In light of the low overall level of expression of PACAP\u201027 in the brain, the ability of PACAP\u201027 in the PVT to control ethanol drinking, with minimal effects on other motivated or affective behaviors, supports the idea that compounds related to PACAP\u201027 should be investigated as potential therapeutics for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  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