{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T10:54:12Z","timestamp":1725015252467},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3 Part1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7579,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Socioeconomic development has led to a progressive increase of alcohol consumption in Taiwan, with an accompanying increase in alcohol\u2010related psychiatric problems, traffic accidents, and liver disease. The prevalent rates of alcohol dependence for Han Chinese and Fomosan aborigines were 0.1% and 1%, respectively in 1950. The rate of alcohol dependence increased to 23% for aborigines in 1995. The number of cases of death and serious injuries due to alcohol\u2010related traffic accident has decreased, and the number of fatalities resulting from these accidents has decreased from third to eighth since the inception of a program of random traffic stops with alcohol breath test in 1997. Alcohol liver disease (ALD) was defined as daily alcohol consumption of 60 g, for a duration of longer than 5 years. We classified ALD patients into two groups: (1) those whose average daily consumption of alcohol exceeded 120 g for a duration longer than 15 years (group A); and (2) all other patients (group B). The case records of 33 cases of biopsy\u2010confirmed ALD were obtained for study. The average of daily alcohol consumption in these cases was 160 g. All but one of these patients were male, age ranged from 26 to 69 years, with an average of 43.1. Clinically, ill\u2010defined gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common presentation (61%), and hepatomegaly was the main physical sign (73%). The average mean corpuscular volume values of ALD and non\u2010ALD patients were 102.3 \u00b1 10.94 and 94.5 \u00b1 8.1, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). The mean corpuscular volume values of group A and group B were 102.9 \u00b1 9.7 vs. 96.5 \u00b1 9.11 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Result from serum SGOT\/SGPT and <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010glutamyltransferase\/alkaline phosphatase for ALD and non\u2010ALD revealed statistically significant differences between these groups. Using the avidin\u2010biotin complex technique, tissue IgA deposition for ALD patients was found to be different from that of non\u2010ALD patients. Ten of 13 ALD patients vs. 2 of 13 non\u2010ALD patients had continuous\u2010form IgA deposition. Histologically, 45.5% of ALD patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, whereas alcoholic hepatitis was present in only 9.1% of patients. Overall, 88% of cases showed various severity of fatty metamorphosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.1998.22.s3_part1.164s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1548852245000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alcohol\u2010Related Problems in Taiwan with Particular Emphasis on Alcoholic Liver Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jean-Dean","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kam-Wah","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Kwai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Ying","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaur-Shine","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pao-Huei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiao-Chicy","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eng-Kung","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Chinese Societies and Mental Health","author":"Hwu H-G","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4514-8_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Alcoholism in North America, Europe and Asia","author":"Yeh EK","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnosis of unidentified patients. 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