{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:54:56Z","timestamp":1787900096448,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31\u00a0AA031883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31\u00a0AA031883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AA013525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AA013525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AA014834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AA014834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may face unique family environments that potentially influence adaptive functioning and behavioral challenges. This study aimed to identify profiles of families of children with PAE based on family characteristics, including cohesion, conflict, and organization, and to examine the relationship between family environment profiles and child outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from caregivers of 283 youth (5\u201317\u2009years) with histories of PAE. Caregivers completed several questionnaires, including the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), and Family Environment Scale (FES). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify profiles in the family environment using three subscales from the FES (Cohesion, Conflict, and Organization). Model fit was determined by comparing 1\u2010, 2\u2010, 3\u2010, 4\u2010, and 5\u2010profile solutions. One\u2010way ANCOVA follow\u2010up tests were conducted to explore differences in adaptive and behavioral functioning across family environment profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 4\u2010profile solution was considered the best fit for the data. Interpretation of conditional response probabilities indicated that Profile 1 was defined by low cohesion; Profile 2 was defined by low organization; Profile 3 was defined as high cohesion and organization; and Profile 4 was defined as high conflict. After controlling for race, sex, age, and ethnicity, there were significant profile differences on the Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problem Behavior scales of the CBCL. There were no significant differences in adaptive functioning across profiles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study highlight the importance of the family environment in understanding the strengths and challenges experienced by children with PAE. Four unique profiles of family environments emerged in families of children with PAE. The high\u2010conflict profile was associated with increased behavioral problems in children. These findings can be used to support families of children with PAE and to identify treatment targets for interventions for children with PAE and their caregivers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T09:03:21Z","timestamp":1741770201000},"page":"771-782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identifying family environment profiles in families of children with prenatal alcohol exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Riley J.","family":"Felicicchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Teratology and Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Teratology and Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Roesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-9605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Mattson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Teratology and Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school\u2010age forms & profiles","author":"Achenbach T.M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579409000121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547231217089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2018.1437737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010022\u201001933\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014\u20102171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741\u20103737.2010.00725.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2020.1771296"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2009.01040.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10664807211000719"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469\u2010021\u201000655\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J019v10n01_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025419881721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20106427.12303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2023.1213894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431618824718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010022\u201000954\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2023.2293336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826\u2010023\u201002687\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015\u20104256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010020\u201008587\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015\u20102542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2009.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474\u2010015\u20100053\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","volume-title":"Family Environment Scale manual and sampler set: development, applications, and research","author":"Moos R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2000.tb02070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15492"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000034665.79909.f0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.74"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615370306.md41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000192248.61271.c8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2019.80.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","volume-title":"Vineland adaptive behavior scales","author":"Sparrow S.S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703\u2010200408000\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6437a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519\u2010023\u201010155\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015\u20102542"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. (2022)Population and diversity San Diego County. Available from:https:\/\/datausa.io\/profile\/geo\/san\u2010diego\u2010ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717692881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsad037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.02.048"}],"container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.70016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T17:30:47Z","timestamp":1750872647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.70016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.70016"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.70016","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2993-7175","2993-7175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2993-7175","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-7175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}