{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1780477433519,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AA028073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AA028073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R33AA028073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R33AA028073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23MH129420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23MH129420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test\u2014Consumption (AUDIT\u2010C) is a validated, scaled marker of past\u2010year alcohol consumption that is increasingly used in population\u2010based screening and research. Like other screening questionnaires, AUDIT\u2010C scores are influenced by patient and system factors affecting self\u2010report. High\u2010density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increases with alcohol consumption and is routinely measured in primary care. Researchers using AUDIT\u2010C scores as an outcome could potentially use HDL as a population\u2010level check on the performance of alcohol screening, for example, to assess the extent to which changes in AUDIT\u2010C scores after an intervention reflect changes in drinking or changes in self\u2010report. However, the association between AUDIT\u2010C scores and HDL has only been evaluated in limited populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional associations between AUDIT\u2010C scores and HDL were examined in 290,091 Kaiser Permanente Washington primary care patients who had HDL measured as part of clinical care in the 365\u2009days before or 14\u2009days after routine screening with the AUDIT\u2010C. Linear regression models examined the association between AUDIT\u2010C scores and HDL and explored effect modification by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AUDIT\u2010C scores were positively associated with HDL, including for subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, geographically estimated socioeconomic status, presence of cardiovascular disease, history of alcohol or drug treatment, tobacco use, receipt of lipid\u2010lowering medications, and, for female patients, receipt of oral estrogen or progestin medications. Effect modification analyses showed that most sociodemographic and clinical characteristics modified the association between AUDIT\u2010C and HDL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between AUDIT\u2010C and HDL is present in a range of sociodemographic and clinical subgroups. However, effect modification by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics may limit the use of that association in assessing the validity of alcohol screening scores across heterogeneous populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:44:20Z","timestamp":1743381860000},"page":"1106-1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations between clinical\n                    <scp>AUDIT<\/scp>\n                    \u2010C screens and\n                    <scp>HDL<\/scp>\n                    cholesterol are observed across primary care patient subgroups"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8568-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine Service VA Puget Sound  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4551-7981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa E.","family":"Matson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems and Population Health University of Washington School of Public Health  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malia","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer F.","family":"Bobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems and Population Health University of Washington School of Public Health  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8386-3984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Hallgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems and Population Health University of Washington School of Public Health  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.atv.3.3.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agae028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14091030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.7.821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2007.00403.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010010\u20101509\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012\u2010018\u20100795\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pop.2009.0060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429\u2010021\u201000402\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508\u2010017\u20101235\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e8501"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3181e35743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.7083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010011\u20101688\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944\u2010022\u201001721\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.10721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000167958.68586.3D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524\u2010006\u20109094\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010013\u20102625\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2019.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7224.1523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.suppl_1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.5844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07\u20100315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12263\u2010023\u201000726\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. (n.d.)QuickFacts: Washington [WWW Document]. Available at:https:\/\/www.census.gov\/quickfacts\/fact\/table\/WA\/RHI725222#RHI725222[Accessed 11th March 2003]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.13044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2008.00758.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.3947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010015\u20103248\u2010z"}],"container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.70038","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.70038","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.70038","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:11:31Z","timestamp":1780474291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.70038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.70038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.70038","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2993-7175","2993-7175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2993-7175","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-7175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}