{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T07:29:17Z","timestamp":1781335757974,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2R01AA016979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01AA016979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010risk drinking among college students is common, and alcohol expectancies and experienced consequences are proximal predictors of use. This study tested short\u2010 and long\u2010term efficacy of a personalized just\u2010in\u2010time adaptive intervention with daily messages about alcohol use, alcohol expectancies, and consequences delivered via mobile app.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were 408 students enrolled at a 2\u2010 or 4\u2010year college (75% 4\u2010year; 64% female) who completed twice\u2010daily assessments for 21\u2009days and follow\u2010up surveys at 1\u2010, 6\u2010, and 12\u2010months. Data collection spanned January 2020 through April 2022. Participants were randomized to either an intervention condition receiving daily intervention messages and other related alcohol and expectancy\u2010focused content via the app or an assessment\u2010only control condition. Both conditions were administered daily surveys through the app.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Poisson multilevel models were conducted to examine intervention effects on alcohol outcomes (i.e., drinks per week, heavy episodic drinking frequency, peak estimated blood alcohol concentration, and alcohol\u2010related consequences, as well as positive and negative alcohol expectancies) at each follow\u2010up assessment. On average, participants in both conditions reported decreased alcohol use outcomes, consequences, and expectancies at 1\u2010, 6\u2010, and 12\u2010month follow\u2010up compared to baseline. A single statistically significant difference between participants in the intervention and control conditions was observed at 1\u2010month follow\u2010up. Specifically, participants in the intervention condition reported a 17% greater decrease in heavy episodic drinking frequency than participants in the control condition, on average.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings highlight the complexities of developing, implementing, and testing adaptive interventions, particularly within the context of the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T01:45:08Z","timestamp":1745631908000},"page":"1321-1336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A just\u2010in\u2010time adaptive personalized mobile app intervention produces limited short\u2010term reductions in heavy episodic drinking frequency in college students: A randomized control trial during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7899-8120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6915-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Cadigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2666-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian H.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Cronce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"},{"name":"Prevention Science Institute University of Oregon  Eugene Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6134-5753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M.","family":"Fairlie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9731-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac C.","family":"Rhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Research University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-1190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Graupensperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice N.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Duckworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Development Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Larimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, School of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"American College Health Association\u2010National College Health Assessment II: reference group executive summary Spring 2019","author":"American College Health Association","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"AUDIT: the alcohol use disorders identification test: guidelines for use in primary health care","author":"Babor T.F.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033\u2010295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.68.4.728"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks M.E. Kristensen K. Van Benthem K.J. Magnusson A. Berg C.W. Nielsen A.et\u00a0al. (2017)Modeling zero\u2010inflated count data with glmmTMB[Preprint]. Available from:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/132753","DOI":"10.1101\/132753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722\u2010020\u201000190\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.53.2.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306\u20104603(00)00138\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4060"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"NIAAA's college alcohol intervention matrix","volume":"39","author":"Cronce J.M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.61.2.344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064\u20101297.6.1.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Brief alcohol screening and intervention for college students (BASICS): a harm reduction approach","author":"Dimeff L.A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107338"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism","author":"Goldman M.S.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.22\u201000262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696820986742"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2009.70.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Growth modeling: structural equation and multilevel modeling approaches","author":"Grimm K.J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2010.483707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862\u2010005\u20100631\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21904"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/16937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144652"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2017.78.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsads.2009.s16.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315650982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360\u20100443.2001.961575.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897079509444707"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0000000000000416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0889\u20108391.13.3.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2018.79.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.2003.00641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040\u20103590.5.2.216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke D. Bartel A. Schwemmer C. Powell C. Djalovski A.&Titz J.(2023)sjPlot: data visualization for statistics in social science(version 2.8.15) [Computer software]. Available from:https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/web\/packages\/sjPlot\/index.html[Accessed 20th March 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism","author":"Maisto S.A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AHCT.S65791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17744\/mehc.36.1.0k5v52l12540w218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2013.787097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.54.1.38\u201044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160\u2010016\u20109830\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2019)The College Alcohol Intervention Matrix (CollegeAIM). Available from:https:\/\/www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov\/collegeaim[Accessed 20th March 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patrick M.E. Schulenberg J. Miech R. Johnston L. O'Malley P.&Bachman J.(2024)Monitoring the Future Panel Study annual report: national data on substance use among adults ages 19 to 60 1976\u20102021. University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. Available from:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7826\/ISR\u2010UM.06.585140.002.07.0001.2022","DOI":"10.7826\/ISR-UM.06.585140.002.07.0001.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114887"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","unstructured":"Proctor S.L.(2014)The efficacy of interactive journaling in reducing alcohol use and alcohol\u2010related problems among mandated college student drinkers. LSU Doctoral Dissertation: 3142."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2024)R: a language and environment for statistical computing[Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available from:https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2020.1717535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2006.67.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2023.2241358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2009.70.555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.2009.02632.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.2709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2020.81.725"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000092"}],"container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.70056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T02:22:09Z","timestamp":1752718929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.70056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.70056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.70056","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2993-7175","2993-7175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2993-7175","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-7175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}