{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:43:03Z","timestamp":1787013783431,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R155\u20102012\u201011282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R155\u20102012\u201011282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"Syddansk Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024075","name":"Region Syddanmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Craving alcohol for reward (positive reinforcement) and relief (negative reinforcement) has been proposed as useful phenotypes for precision medicine approaches to alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment. This study examined reward and relief craving in nonpharmacological treatments, Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) versus MET + Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA), among older adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Secondary analyses of data from The Elderly Study (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009693; mean age 64.0\u2009years; male 59.7%), a single\u2010blinded, multisite, randomized controlled trial of two nonpharmacological treatments in an elderly population (60+ years) diagnosed with DSM\u20105 AUD. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify craving profiles based on The Alcohol Abstinence Self\u2010Efficacy Scale (AASE) temptation subscale scores. The classification performance of clinical cutoff scores on the AASE scale was tested against the LPA solution. Associations between cutoff\u2010based craving groups and treatment success (binary variable representing change in alcohol consumption and quality of life across profiles pre\u2010\/posttreatment) were analyzed using logistic regression, stratified on MET versus MET\u2009+\u2009CRA. Differences in alcohol consumption and quality of life scores pre\u2010\/posttreatment were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four reward\u2010relief craving profiles were identified but were more distinguished by variation in relief craving (low relief, medium\u2010low relief, medium\u2010high relief, and high relief). Compared to the low relief craving group, the medium\u2010high relief craving group had lower odds for treatment success when receiving MET: adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.42 (95% CI 0.21\u20130.84), and the high relief craving group had lower odds for treatment success when receiving MET\u2009+\u2009CRA: aOR 0.38 (95% CI 0.15\u20130.94). Alcohol consumption was reduced, and psychological quality of life was improved at follow\u2010up across all relief craving groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified reward and relief drinking craving among older adults with AUD. Results indicate that considering relief craving when offering nonpharmacological treatment to older adults suffering from AUD may be clinically relevant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T11:37:52Z","timestamp":1752406672000},"page":"1803-1817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relief craving severity moderates nonpharmacological treatment outcomes in treatment\u2010seeking older adults with alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1959-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter N\u00e6sborg","family":"Sch\u00f8ler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Research Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Odense Mental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8569-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anette","family":"S\u00f8gaard Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Research Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Odense Mental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"OPEN, Open Patient Data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"BRIDGE, Brain Research \u2013 Inter\u2010Disciplinary Guided Excellence University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Witkiewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-3470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bogenschutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Center The University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2811-8820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Randi","family":"Bilberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Odense Mental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"OPEN, Open Patient Data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina Isabella","family":"Mellentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Research Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Odense Mental Health Services Region of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"OPEN, Open Patient Data Explorative Network Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"BRIDGE, Brain Research \u2013 Inter\u2010Disciplinary Guided Excellence University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Digital Psychiatry Region of Southern Denmark  Odense 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