{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T07:07:48Z","timestamp":1779088068028,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012095","name":"Scottish Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uninformed attitudes toward prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) remain barriers in the assessment and diagnosis of affected individuals. While there is a growing need to evaluate the attitudes of professionals who work closely with pregnant individuals and those living with FASD, it is currently unknown whether existing psychometric tools, quantifying such attitudes, are reliable. The psychometric properties of two measures were therefore investigated: the \u201cAlcohol and Pregnancy Measure\u201d (capturing attitudes toward PAE) and the \u201cKnowledge and Attitudes Regarding FASD Measure\u201d (capturing attitudes toward FASD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1797 healthcare workers, recruited largely from the National Health Service in Scotland, completed both psychometric measures as part of a nationwide survey of attitudes. Participants also completed novel measurements of their knowledge of FASD and their attitudes toward the health advice for pregnant women regarding alcohol use during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Support for the psychometric validity of the two measures was partially observed. Both measures were found to have multifactor structures, instead of the hypothesised one\u2010factor solutions. Such multifactor structures demonstrated goodness\u2010of\u2010fit in confirmatory factor analyses. Moreover, both measures showed convergent validity with both knowledge of FASD and attitudes toward current health advice regarding PAE. Both the measures' sensitivity to ceiling effects and poor subfactor internal consistencies, however, remain a concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results indicate that both measures, when used at the total\u2010scale level, can acceptably assess attitudes toward PAE and FASD. Revisions are required at the item\u2010level to further improve subfactor internal consistency and minimize ceiling effect likelihood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:46:08Z","timestamp":1770695168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dual psychometric evaluation of measures assessing attitudes toward prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-3585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth H.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Social Sciences Department University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Social Sciences Department University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"O'Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health in Social Sciences Department University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135\u2010025\u201002111\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2020.1865649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/phe\/phv012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.856691"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications and programming","author":"Byrne B.M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"Chief Medical Officer. (2016)UK Chief Medical Officers' low risk drinking guidelines. Available from:https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5a80b7ed40f0b623026951db\/UK_CMOs__report.pdf[Accessed 10th September 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2018.1478413"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7275\/jyj1\u20104868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.35630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/ADD\u201007\u20102020\u20100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Environics Research Group Limited. (2000)Awareness of the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome: results of a national survey. Available from:https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/phac\u2010aspc\/migration\/phac\u2010aspc\/publicat\/fas\u2010saf\u2010natsurv\u20102000\/pdf\/ap\u2010ag\u2010finalreport_e.pdf[Accessed 10th September 2025]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360\u20100443.2000.95461312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164419865769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2018.98126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428105284919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428\u2010015\u20100619\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"McDougall S. 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