{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T04:45:23Z","timestamp":1782535523225,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AA028365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AA028365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA032036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA032036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n The genetic variant\n ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n , associated with alcohol\u2010related flushing, is a risk factor for alcohol\u2010related health problems. The public has been largely unaware of these risks, suggesting potential for educational interventions to reduce harms among at\u2010risk individuals. Self\u2010efficacy and threat perception are mechanisms of health behavior change that may explain discrepancies in how people respond to health risk information. In the current pilot study, we examined the effects of a brief feedback intervention about the health risks related to flushing,\n ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n , and alcohol use on participants' intention to change their drinking and their past\u2010month heaviest week drinking quantity. We also evaluated whether self\u2010efficacy and threat perception related to intention to change drinking.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We enrolled 360 Asian American undergraduates (58% female; age 17\u201325). Participants were randomized to view (1) phenotype feedback about the alcohol\u2010related cancer risk associated with flushing and\n ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n (PHEN), (2) PHEN plus their own\n ALDH2<\/jats:italic>\n genotype (PHEN+GENE), or (3) an attention control session (CONTROL). Participants who completed the feedback (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009324) reported their intention to change their drinking post\u2010feedback and their recent alcohol consumption, self\u2010efficacy, and threat perception at baseline and 1\u2010, 4\u2010, 7\u2010, and 10\u2010month post\u2010feedback.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Those in PHEN+GENE had significantly higher intention to change drinking compared with those in CONTROL regardless of\n ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n status. A significant interaction was found between self\u2010efficacy and threat perception in predicting intention to change drinking. Higher intention to change drinking did not relate to decreased heaviest week drinking quantity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Receiving risk feedback was associated with greater intention to change drinking among both\n ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n (+) and\n ALDH2*2<\/jats:italic>\n (\u2212) participants, but intention to change was not found to be associated with a decrease in heaviest week drinking quantity. Future work in larger samples will further examine self\u2010efficacy and threat perception as potential mechanisms underlying participants' intention to change their drinking behavior.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n \n ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n : NCT04967599\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:43:07Z","timestamp":1781761387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Effects of Personalized Feedback About\n ALDH2*2<\/i>\n , Alcohol Use, and Associated Health Risks on Drinking Intention and Consumption: The Role of Self\u2010Efficacy and Perceived Threat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Emily B.","family":"Saldich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6827-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Beam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9196-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark H. C.","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5613-3182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Monterosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla\u2010Rose","family":"Walden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5328-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian S.","family":"Hendershot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences and Institute for Addiction Science, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Witkiewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center on Alcohol, Substance Use, and Addictions University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie O.","family":"Culver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Luczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69746-3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306\u20104603(97)00060\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470\u20102045(07)70099\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517\u20106161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.EPI\u201008\u20100462"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000050"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.2009.02691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407517718387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929\u2010017\u20100327\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006X.53.2.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468\u20102667(24)00102\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022\u2010006x.72.2.155"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"ALDH2, ADH1B, and ADH1 Genotypes in Asians: A Literature Review","volume":"30","author":"Eng M. 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