{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T09:43:46Z","timestamp":1785836626781,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA027920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA027920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA027266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA027266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VA HSR&D RCS 00\u2010001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VA HSR&D RCS 00\u2010001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mutual\u2010help groups (MHGs) are generally effective for alcohol use disorders (AUDs), but how demographic characteristics affect the benefits of MHG involvement is largely unknown. This longitudinal study of adults with AUD examined whether age and race\/ethnicity moderated associations between MHG involvement and alcohol outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were from the pooled Peer ALternatives for Addiction 2015 and 2021 Cohorts (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091152), which adopted parallel designs and measures. Eligibility criteria included lifetime AUD and past\u201030\u2010day 12\u2010step and\/or second\u2010wave MHG attendance. Participants were surveyed at baseline, 6\u2009months, and 12\u2009months; surveys assessed MHG involvement (5\u2010item scale) and alcohol outcomes (i.e., abstinence, alcohol problems, heavy drinking). Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models tested effects for MHG involvement, demographics, and their interactions on outcomes at next survey.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In adjusted models, lagged MHG involvement consistently predicted better outcomes and showed significant interactions with both age (for alcohol problems and heavy drinking) and race\/ethnicity (for alcohol problems). Follow\u2010up analyses showed that MHG involvement was protective against alcohol problems for those aged 30\u201359 and 60+ (ORs\u2009=\u20090.35\u20130.37,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but nonsignificant among those 18\u201329 (OR\u2009=\u20092.39,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.10); similarly, MHG involvement was predictive of fewer drinking days for those 30\u201359 and 60+ (IRRs\u2009=\u20090.02\u20130.11,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      s\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but nonsignificant among those 18\u201329 (IRR\u2009=\u20091.05,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.90). Meanwhile, MHG involvement was protective against alcohol problems for Non\u2010Hispanic White participants (OR\u2009=\u20090.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) but nonsignificant among those of any other race\/ethnicity (OR\u2009=\u20091.71,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MHG involvement may confer diminished benefits for young adults and people of color. These subgroups may benefit from tailored meetings and\/or alternative activities that foster peer support for recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T04:26:28Z","timestamp":1783830388000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How Age and Race\/Ethnicity Affect the Benefits of Mutual\u2010Help Group Involvement for People With Alcohol Use Disorders: Findings From the\n                    <scp>PAL<\/scp>\n                    Study Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Zemore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute  Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy A.","family":"Mericle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute  Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9349-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camillia","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group at the Public Health Institute  Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Addiction Medicine  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Timko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System  Menlo Park California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.2025.A.A. 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