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The addition of eye\u2010tracking metrics has improved these investigations yet are limited by a lack of naturalistic cues. Virtual reality (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) can theoretically improve ecological validity through three\u2010dimensional alcohol object presentation while utilizing eye\u2010tracking metrics. This report sought to test the construct validity of the Alcohol Cue\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      paradigm in evoking subjective craving and attentional bias through measurement of eye\u2010gaze characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009105, 53% male, M\n                      <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u200938), with varying alcohol use histories, underwent the Alcohol Cue VR paradigm, an alcohol visual probe task, and measures of alcohol craving and VR\u2010related assessments. The Alcohol Cue VR paradigm comprised of three active scenes with alcohol cues present, and three neutral scenes devoid of alcohol cues. Eye\u2010gaze fixation time (index of \u201cattentional bias\u201d) in response to alcohol and control cues was recorded. Forward\u2010stepwise models searched for optimal alcohol\u2010related predictors of attentional bias, then compared against eye\u2010tracking and response time metrics from the alcohol visual probe task.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Alcohol use history, age of regular use onset, recency of use, and binge episodes were significantly associated with eye\u2010gaze fixation time to alcohol cues; how present one felt within the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      scenes did not moderate these findings. Alcohol\u2010related predictors accounted for a larger proportion of variance in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010based models of attentional bias (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        \u0394\n                        <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.10) than in comparable alcohol visual probe task models based on fixation time (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        \u0394\n                        <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05) or response time (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        \u0394\n                        <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Alcohol Cue VR paradigm provided commensurate measures of attentional bias in the context of alcohol cues. Unique alcohol\u2010related characteristics impacted the extent of attentional bias to alcohol\u2010related cues, exemplifying the utility of VR\u2010derived measurement in assessing alcohol use. Future research can understand whether VR attentional bias is modifiable through treatment and can serve as clinical endpoints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T04:18:16Z","timestamp":1785557896000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Attentional Bias During a Novel Alcohol Cue Virtual Reality Paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9180-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5607-6376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin 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