{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:01:55Z","timestamp":1790694115847,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ZZ9603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZZ9603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ZZ0103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZZ0103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ZZ0403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZZ0403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03IS2061A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03IS2061A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both all\u2010cause and alcohol mortality follow a social gradient. Studies have provided evidence of interaction between socioeconomic status (SES) and alcohol use in predicting alcohol\u2010attributable mortality. It is unclear whether this holds true for all\u2010cause mortality. This study examines interaction effects and investigates the role of biomarkers in all\u2010cause mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included data from 4307 participants of the baseline survey (1997\u20132001) of SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania)\u2010START and a mortality follow\u2010up from baseline until January 2023. All\u2010cause mortality was the outcome; exposure variables were income or education as SES proxies, alcohol use, and biomarkers related to chronic alcohol consumption. Confounders were age, sex, marital status, smoking, and Body Mass Index (BMI). We used Cox proportional hazards regression (CPHR) in main analyses and CPHR and Aalen additive hazards regression (AAHR) in interaction analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our final samples (either with income or education) consisted of 3771\/3939 individuals of whom 981 (26.0%) and 1047 (28.6%) died during the follow\u2010up period. Adjusting for confounders, individuals with low income (HR\u2009=\u20091.31, CI\u2009=\u20091.11, 1.56; compared to high income) and both current abstainers that formerly consumed alcohol (HR\u2009=\u20091.56, CI\u2009=\u20091.27, 1.92) and individuals with high alcohol intake (HR\u2009=\u20091.31, CI\u2009=\u20091.03, 1.66; compared to individuals with low alcohol intake) showed increased mortality. Biomarkers were positively associated with mortality. There was evidence of statistical interaction effects, for example, increased risks in low\u2010income current abstainers as well as individuals with moderate or high alcohol use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found a social gradient in all\u2010cause mortality that was attenuated, but not fully explained, by risk factors. There was some evidence of statistical interaction effects between alcohol use and SES, but small subgroup counts limit the certainty of related conclusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T07:43:31Z","timestamp":1788594211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socioeconomic Status, Alcohol Use, and Mortality: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-3854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Butovetsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Economics, Department of Health Services Research, School VI \u2010 School of Medicine and Health Sciences Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg  Oldenburg 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Petersmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medicine Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medicine Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6678-7964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Nauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medicine Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald University Medicine Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Schwettmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Economics, Department of Health Services Research, School VI \u2010 School of Medicine and Health Sciences Carl von Ossietzky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg  Oldenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-813829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101443"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Fox J. andS.Weisberg.2023.Cox Proportional\u2010Hazards for Survival Data in R: An Appendix to an R Companion to Applied Regression Article 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