{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:01:26Z","timestamp":1790694086376,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An overwhelming body of evidence suggests neuroimmune dysfunction as a key underlying mechanism of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)\u2010associated adverse central nervous system (CNS) outcomes. While few studies have highlighted the lingering effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on producing specific immune factors, others suggest a primed neuroimmune state in adulthood, in which a proinflammatory bias is unmasked following subsequent immune activation in later life. However, the PAE\u2010induced neuroimmune landscape in adulthood remains poorly defined. We hypothesized that PAE induces long\u2010term changes in gene expression linked to neuroimmune function that may be brain region\u2010specific.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using long\u2010read next\u2010generation RNA sequencing of brain tissues from a previously established model of a moderate PAE in mice, we compared across six regions: medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, and medulla. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis investigated PAE\u2010induced changes, dysregulated gene pathways, and transcriptional regulators with a focus on neuroimmune function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data identified at least 60 differentially expressed genes per brain region, many of which were associated with neuroimmune function. Upregulation of multiple pro\u2010inflammatory factors and pathways was observed, suggesting ongoing baseline neuroimmune activation, potentially involving PXR, TNF, TLR4, the complement pathway, and various cytokine and chemokine signaling. A comparative analysis identified multiple upstream transcriptional regulators across multiple brain regions, including MECP2, TCF7L2, and IL\u20104. Importantly, this unbiased analysis revealed heterogeneity across brain regions in the activation of canonical immune pathways and highlighted previously unprecedented roles of pathways such as PXR, matrix metalloproteases, and cytokine signaling (e.g., IL\u201015, IL\u201027, IL\u201017) in PAE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PAE creates a unique inflammatory signature in the adult brain, even in the absence of secondary injury, with novel patterns of region\u2010specific changes in genes implicated in glial\u2010immune function. These data identify potential immune targets to elucidate the mechanisms underlying behavioral dysfunction and provide a framework for future therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:46:21Z","timestamp":1788842781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Produces Selective Changes in Neuroimmune Gene Expression Across Brain Regions of Adult Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Alissa N.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico HSC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3401-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana N.","family":"Pritha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico HSC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7103-1624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashlynn M.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico HSC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3020-0182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea A.","family":"Pasmay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico HSC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin R.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico HSC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Mellios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico HSC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4446-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahani","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico HSC  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12040546"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.710608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2011.01644.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1217\u201012.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386\u2010019\u20100326\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2018_92"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"International Review of Neurobiology","author":"Drew P. 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