{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:38:27Z","timestamp":1792643907069,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50AA022534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50AA022534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM109089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM109089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS121660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS121660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), which are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by behavioral dysregulation, learning deficits, and cognitive inflexibilities. Alcohol exposure is harmful at all stages of human gestation, including the third trimester. This developmental window\u2014characterized by rapid brain growth, myelination, and neural circuit formation\u2014may be particularly vulnerable, yet the long\u2010lasting behavioral and sensory consequences of exposure during this period remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, neonatal mouse pups were exposed to Air or ethanol (EtOH) vapor from postnatal day (P) 4 to P8, which is equivalent to a third trimester alcohol exposure (TTAE) in humans. Blood ethanol concentrations measured at P8 reached approximately 250\u2009mg\/dL, consistent with binge\u2010level exposure. Air\u2010 and EtOH\u2010exposed mice were then assessed as adults at 5\u20136\u2009months of age for spontaneous locomotor activity and gait control, exploratory and anxiety\u2010related behavior, recognition memory and novelty preference, and susceptibility to neuropathic pain following minor chronic constriction injury (mCCI) of the sciatic nerve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TTAE produced long\u2010lasting behavioral outcomes in adulthood, several of which differed between males and females. EtOH\u2010exposed males exhibited increased spontaneous locomotor activity in a single\u2010housed cage and increased open\u2010arm exploration in the Elevated Zero Maze, with significant Sex\u2009\u00d7\u2009Treatment interactions for both measures. In the Novel Object Recognition task, EtOH\u2010exposed males exhibited a strong preference for the familiar rather than the novel object. EtOH\u2010exposed males also exhibited stronger alterations in gait parameters than EtOH\u2010exposed females. Following mCCI, both EtOH\u2010exposed male and female mice developed persistent mechanical allodynia that was largely absent in Air\u2010exposed controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that TTAE may permanently disrupt behavioral regulation and increase susceptibility to neuropathic pain in adulthood. The differential responses between males and females indicate that some long\u2010term behavioral consequences of TTAE are sex\u2010dependent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:55:09Z","timestamp":1792641309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Third Trimester\u2010Equivalent Alcohol Exposure Induces Alterations in Locomotor Activity, Anxiety and Risk\u2010Related Behaviors, and Susceptibility to Mechanical Allodynia in Adulthood in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6079-2827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estrella","family":"Villicana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5312-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melody S.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6614-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haojie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2223-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis E.","family":"Paez\u2010Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5919-0008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carissa J.","family":"Milliken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery &amp; Repair Pre\u2010Clinical Core University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1634-4252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik J.","family":"Balmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5016-6278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danika E.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2447-0683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David N.","family":"Linsenbardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"New Mexico Alcohol Research Center University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9561-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell A.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"Center for Brain Recovery &amp; Repair Pre\u2010Clinical Core University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"New Mexico Alcohol Research Center University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5741-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin D.","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"New Mexico Alcohol Research Center University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1026-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Fernando","family":"Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"New Mexico Alcohol Research Center University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5903-9968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tou Yia","family":"Vue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"New Mexico Alcohol Research Center University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","article-title":"The Novel Object Recognition Memory: Neurobiology, Test Procedure, and Its Modifications","volume":"13","author":"Antunes M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Processing"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2015.08.009","article-title":"Third Trimester\u2010Equivalent Ethanol Exposure Increases Anxiety\u2010Like Behavior and Glutamatergic Transmission in the Basolateral Amygdala","volume":"137","author":"Baculis B. C.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2025.2526114","article-title":"Visuo\u2010Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits in C57BL\/6 Mice Following Postnatal Ethanol Exposure","volume":"51","author":"Dursun I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000862","article-title":"Current Considerations for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Identification to Intervention","volume":"36","author":"Glass L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Mechanisms of Alcohol\u2010Induced Damage to the Developing Nervous System","volume":"25","author":"Goodlett C. R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Research & Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn105","article-title":"Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Alterations in Brain and Behaviour","volume":"44","author":"Guerri C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(01)00037-7","article-title":"Glia and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Guerri C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2020.112885","article-title":"Characterization of Motor Function in Mice Developmentally Exposed to Ethanol Using the Catwalk System: Comparison With the Triple Horizontal Bar and Rotarod Tests","volume":"396","author":"Jacquez B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000545065","article-title":"Auditory Deficits in a Mouse Model of First\u2010Trimester Prenatal Alcohol Exposure","volume":"48","author":"Jessup M.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Developmental Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00241.2007","article-title":"Quantitative Trait Loci for Physical Activity Traits in Mice","volume":"32","author":"Lightfoot J. T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiological Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14040","article-title":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Review of the Neurobehavioral Deficits Associated With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure","volume":"43","author":"Mattson S. N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896","article-title":"Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in 4 US Communities","volume":"319","author":"May P. A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14752-3","article-title":"Reduced and Delayed Myelination and Volume of Corpus Callosum in an Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Partially Benefit From Voluntary Exercise","volume":"12","author":"Milbocker K. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/51839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14752","article-title":"Persistent Myelin Abnormalities in a Third Trimester\u2010Equivalent Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder","volume":"46","author":"Newville J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23164","article-title":"Acute Oligodendrocyte Loss With Persistent White Matter Injury in a Third Trimester Equivalent Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder","volume":"65","author":"Newville J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01107","article-title":"Lifelong Impacts of Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Neuroimmune Function","volume":"9","author":"Noor S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.01.002","article-title":"The LFA\u20101 Antagonist BIRT377 Reverses Neuropathic Pain in Prenatal Alcohol\u2010Exposed Female Rats via Actions on Peripheral and Central Neuroimmune Function in Discrete Pain\u2010Relevant Tissue Regions","volume":"87","author":"Noor S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.12.016","article-title":"Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Potentiates Chronic Neuropathic Pain, Spinal Glial and Immune Cell Activation and Alters Sciatic Nerve and DRG Cytokine Levels","volume":"61","author":"Noor S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15214","article-title":"Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome\u2010Dependent Immune Actions Following Morphine Treatment and Paradoxically Prolongs Nerve Injury\u2010Induced Pathological Pain in Female Mice","volume":"47","author":"Noor S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","article-title":"LFA\u20101 Antagonist (BIRT377) Similarly Reverses Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Male and Female Mice With Underlying Sex Divergent Peripheral Immune Proinflammatory Phenotypes","volume":"6","author":"Noor S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb04312.x","article-title":"Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Differentially Alters Behavior in Males and Females on the Elevated Plus Maze","volume":"22","author":"Osborn J. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14813","article-title":"Sexually Dimorphic Organization of Open Field Behavior Following Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure","volume":"46","author":"Osterlund Oltmanns J. R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paez\u2010Beltran L. E. H.Chen M.Liyanapathirana et\u00a0al.2026.\u201cASCL1 and OLIG2 Expression Dynamics Control Glial Cell Fate and Regional Diversity in the Dorsal Forebrain.\u201dbioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology. 2026.02.02.703158.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.02.703158"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2014.00093","article-title":"A Comparison of the Different Animal Models of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Their Use in Studying Complex Behaviors","volume":"2","author":"Patten A. R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065\u2010011\u20109166\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1241-24.2025","article-title":"Choice Behaviors and Prefrontal\u2010Hippocampal Coupling Are Disrupted in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders","volume":"45","author":"Rosenblum H. L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.04.001","article-title":"Brain Development in Rodents and Humans: Identifying Benchmarks of Maturation and Vulnerability to Injury Across Species","volume":"106","author":"Semple B. D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.11.004","article-title":"Effects of Spinal Non\u2010Viral Interleukin\u201010 Gene Therapy Formulated With d\u2010Mannose in Neuropathic Interleukin\u201010 Deficient Mice: Behavioral Characterization, mRNA and Protein Analysis in Pain Relevant Tissues","volume":"69","author":"Vanderwall A. G.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winchester S. E. E. I.Varlinskaya andM. R.Diaz.2026.\u201cAge\u2010 and Sex\u2010Dependent Effects of Moderate Gestational Day 12 Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Anxiety\u2010Like Behaviors Ethanol Intake and Mechanical Sensitivity.\u201dbioRxiv: The Preprint Server for Biology;2026.05.19.726255.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.64898\/2026.05.19.726255.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.05.19.726255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-023-00626-5","article-title":"Genetics of Human Brain Development","volume":"25","author":"Zhou Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Genetics"}],"container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.70433","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.70433","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.70433","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:55:17Z","timestamp":1792641317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.70433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.70433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.70433","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2993-7175","2993-7175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2993-7175","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-7175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-07","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70433"}}