{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:05:41Z","timestamp":1790683541677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,9]],"date-time":"2012-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the risk of developing autism\u2010spectrum disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content>) in children born to immigrants as compared with children of Dutch\u2010born parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective, population\u2010based cohort study of all live births (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0106\u00a0953) between 1998 and 2007 in a circumscribed geographical region in the Netherlands. Cohort members were linked to the Psychiatric Case Register to identify diagnosed cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 518 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> were identified, including 150 children with autism and 368 children with Asperger syndrome or Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content>). Children born to migrants from developing countries were at significantly lower risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> [rate ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a00.6, 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) 0.5\u20130.9] than children of Dutch\u2010born parents. Within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ASD<\/jats:styled-content> group, the risk for the subgroup with Asperger syndrome and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NOS<\/jats:styled-content> was reduced (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.4, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.3\u20130.6), whereas that for narrowly defined autism was non\u2010significantly increased (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a01.4, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.9\u20132.4). Migrant groups did not differ in age at diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results echo Swedish findings indicating a reversal of risk gradient in children of parents from developing countries, specifically a decreased risk for high\u2010functioning and increased risk for low\u2010functioning autism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T21:02:26Z","timestamp":1355259746000},"page":"54-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["An incidence study of diagnosed autism\u2010spectrum disorders among immigrants to the Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"van der Ven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rivierduinen Foundation GGZ Leiden Leiden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht University Maastricht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Termorshuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Centre Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Laan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Centre Utrecht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. J.","family":"Breetvelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"van Os","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht University Maastricht"},{"name":"King's Health Partners Department of Psychosis Studies Institute of Psychiatry King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Selten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rivierduinen Foundation GGZ Leiden Leiden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Maastricht University Maastricht"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.065490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361309353614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.095125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200207000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.150565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0350-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015405914950"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1184-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","volume-title":"About statistics Netherlands","author":"CBS","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2011","author":"United Nations Conference on Trade and Development","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.9.1026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling using Stata","author":"Rabe\u2010Hesketh S","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders\u2010Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States","volume":"61","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.4.334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2010.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1279-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Clients using the youth mental health services in The Hague are not an ethnic reflection of the youth of that city; bias not by social economic status but by ethnic origin","volume":"52","author":"Boon A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0323-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0418-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0454-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-008-0611-5"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facps.12054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acps.12054","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T07:58:01Z","timestamp":1698652681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acps.12054"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acps.12054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12054","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,9]]}}}