{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:29:30Z","timestamp":1791098970039,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Personality traits are presumed to endure over time, but the literature regarding older age is sparse. Furthermore, interpretation may be hampered by the presence of dementia\u2010related personality changes. The aim was to study stability in neuroticism and extraversion in a population sample of women who were followed from mid\u2010life to late life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based sample of women born in 1918, 1922 or 1930 was examined with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPI<\/jats:styled-content>) in 1968\u20131969. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPI<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed after 37\u00a0years in 2005\u20132006 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0153). Data from an interim examination after 24\u00a0years were analysed for the subsample born in 1918 and 1922 (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a075). Women who developed dementia at follow\u2010up examinations were excluded from the analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean levels of neuroticism and extraversion were stable at both follow\u2010ups. Rank\u2010order and linear correlations between baseline and 37\u2010year follow\u2010up were moderate ranging between 0.49 and 0.69. Individual changes were observed, and only 25% of the variance in personality traits in 2005\u20132006 could be explained by traits in 1968\u20131969.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Personality is stable at the population level, but there is significant individual variability. These changes could not be attributed to dementia. Research is needed to examine determinants of these changes, as well as their clinical implications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]],"date-time":"2013-02-19T18:09:48Z","timestamp":1361297388000},"page":"35-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A 37\u2010year prospective study of neuroticism and extraversion in women followed from mid\u2010life to late life"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Billstedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Skoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Duberstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NewYork US"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Marlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"H\u00e4llstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Section for Psychiatry\/Huddinge Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Health Care Sahlgrenska School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Falun Dalarna Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Epidemiology Sahlgrenska School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bj\u00f6rkelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Health Care Sahlgrenska School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"\u00d6stling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Waern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.1.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-199903000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00170-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701004044","article-title":"Neuroticism as a risk factor for schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Os J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31815abf83"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670701732665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.112.1.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Individual differences and personality","author":"Ashton MC","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb06999.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.1.3.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.4.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.5.853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.66.4.722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10143-002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.1.P27"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","volume-title":"Personality in adulthood: A five\u2010factor theory perspective","author":"MacCrae R","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/46.6.P299"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.7.1.46","article-title":"Personality change in women from the early 40s to the early 50s","volume":"7","author":"Helson R","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.3.P153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/58.3.P166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2007.00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015434"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018770"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/61.2.P108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.20.3.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.4.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000096167.56734.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149525.53525.E7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/62.6.P353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02813439709035031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/02813430310003309-1693","article-title":"Participation bias in longitudinal studies: experience from the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg Sweden","volume":"21","author":"Lissner L","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301213280301"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","volume-title":"Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory","author":"Eysenck H","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","volume-title":"Manual of the Eysenck Personalty Questionnaire","author":"Eysenck H","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4905_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Eysenck Personality Inventory","author":"Eysenck HJ","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1984.tb04516.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.134.4.382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790060110016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023690"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.91.6.1152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858404263960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02913.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2695848"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.1.12"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facps.12093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acps.12093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T23:14:58Z","timestamp":1696461298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acps.12093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acps.12093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.12093","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,19]]}}}