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Here, we investigate theory of mind (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>o<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>) performance of women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> related to childhood abuse in comparison to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants completed two To<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content> tasks, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nterpersonal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>erception <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ask\u201015 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPT<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015) and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>eading the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ind in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>yes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>ask \u2013 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>evised (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMET<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative to controls, women with a history of childhood trauma had difficulty recognizing familial relationships depicted in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPT<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.005). No other category of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPT<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015 showed significant group differences. In addition, while healthy women displayed faster <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RMET<\/jats:styled-content> reaction times to emotionally valenced mental states (positive: <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.003; negative: <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.016) compared with neutral mental states, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> group showed similar reaction times across all valences. The presence of dissociative symptoms (e.g., disengagement, amnesia, identity dissociation) was strongly associated with hindered accuracy of complex mental state identification and altered perception of kinship interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> stemming from childhood trauma show changes in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>o<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content> abilities particularly those often involved in the interpretation of family interactions. In addition, individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content> showed slower reaction times during the recognition of complex mental states from emotionally salient facial\/eye expressions in comparison with healthy subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,11]],"date-time":"2013-05-11T02:40:48Z","timestamp":1368240048000},"page":"193-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Theory of mind performance in women with posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood abuse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Nazarov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Mood Disorders Program St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Ontario 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