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The aim was to conduct a systematic review regarding the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content> and inflammatory markers in adulthood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A literature search of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ub<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ISI<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>sych<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INFO<\/jats:styled-content> databases was conducted. The key terms used were as follows: \u2018Child Maltreatment\u2019, \u2018Childhood Trauma\u2019, \u2018Early Life Stress\u2019, \u2018Psychological Stress\u2019, \u2018Emotional Stress\u2019, \u2018Child Abuse\u2019 and \u2018Child Neglect\u2019. They were cross\u2010referenced separately with the terms: \u2018C\u2010reactive Protein (CRP)\u2019, \u2018Tumor Necrosis Factor\u2019, \u2018Cytokine\u2019, \u2018Interleukin\u2019, \u2018Inflammatory\u2019 and \u2018Inflammation\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty articles remained in the review after exclusion criteria were applied. Studies showed that a history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with increased levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>, fibrinogen and proinflammatory cytokines. Increased levels of circulating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> in individuals with a history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content> were the most robust finding among the studies. Data about anti\u2010inflammatory mediators are still few and inconsistent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childhood maltreatment is associated with a chronic inflammatory state independent of clinical comorbidities. However, studies are heterogeneous regarding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content> assessment and definition. 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