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Defining the nosology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> comorbidity has important clinical implications, given that treatments for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> can worsen <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was conducted on: i) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> comorbidity lifetime prevalence and ii) on standard diagnostic validators: phenomenology, course of illness, heredity, biological markers, and treatment response. Relevant papers published through March 30th 2013 were identified searching the electronic databases <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>, Embase, Psyc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">INFO<\/jats:styled-content>, and the Cochrane Library.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010four articles met inclusion criteria. Lifetime comorbidity prevalence was 11\u201321% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content> patients and 6\u201310% in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Compared to non\u2010comorbid subjects, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> has a more episodic course of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms (up to 75% vs. 3%), typically with worsening during depression (78%) and improvement during mania\/hypomania (64%), as well as a higher total mean number of depressive episodes (8.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.2 vs. 4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7) and perhaps more antidepressant\u2010induced mania\/hypomania (39% vs. 9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this first systematic review of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCD<\/jats:styled-content> comorbidity, it appears that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OC<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms are usually secondary to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BD<\/jats:styled-content>, rather than representing a separate disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]],"date-time":"2014-02-07T14:12:42Z","timestamp":1391782362000},"page":"343-358","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Diagnostic validity of comorbid bipolar disorder and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Amerio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychiatry Department of Neuroscience University of Parma Parma Italy"},{"name":"Mood Disorders Program Tufts Medical Center Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Odone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine\u2010Public Health Unit University of Parma Parma Italy"},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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