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In contrast, the Fantasy Model posits that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content> can be simulated and is mediated by high suggestibility, fantasy proneness, and sociocultural influences. To date, these two models have not been jointly tested in individuals with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content> in an empirical manner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included matched groups [patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 33) and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 32)] that were compared on psychological Trauma and Fantasy measures: diagnosed genuine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 17), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010simulating healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 16), individuals with post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic> = 16), and healthy controls (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic> = 16). Additionally, personality\u2010state\u2010dependent measures were obtained for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S; both neutral personality states (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPS<\/jats:styled-content>) and trauma\u2010related personality states (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPS<\/jats:styled-content>) were tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For Trauma measures, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G group had the highest scores, with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TPS<\/jats:styled-content> higher than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPS<\/jats:styled-content>, followed by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> groups. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010G group was not more fantasy\u2010prone or suggestible and did not generate more false memories. Malingering measures were inconclusive. Evidence consistently supported the Trauma Model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content> and challenges the core hypothesis of the Fantasy Model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T04:18:33Z","timestamp":1464236313000},"page":"111-128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Is it Trauma\u2010 or Fantasy\u2010based? Comparing dissociative identity disorder, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder, simulators, and controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"E. 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