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The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> studies did not find any evidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related brain damage. All but one of the newer <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> volumetric studies found <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced volume increases in certain brain areas, most consistently in hippocampus. Meta\u2010analysis of effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> on hippocampal volume yielded pooled effect size: <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.39 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.18\u20130.61) for the right hippocampus and <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> = 0.31 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.09\u20130.53) for the left. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DTI<\/jats:styled-content> studies point to an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced increase in the integrity of white matter pathways in the frontal and temporal lobes. The results of correlations between volume increases and treatment efficacy were inconsistent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> studies do not support the hypothesis that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> causes brain damage; on the contrary, the treatment induces volume increases in fronto\u2010limbic areas. 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