{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:43:13Z","timestamp":1791934993806,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical variables were investigated in the \u2018treatment resistant depression (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u2010\u00a0\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2019 sample to replicate earlier findings by the European research consortium \u2018Group for the Study of Resistant Depression\u2019 (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and enable cross\u2010sample prediction of treatment outcome in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was defined by a Montgomery and \u00c5sberg Depression Rating Scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MADRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) score \u226522 after at least two antidepressive trials. Response was defined by a decline in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MADRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      score by \u226550% and below a threshold of 22. Logistic regression was applied to replicate predictors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      among 16 clinical variables in 916 patients. Elastic net regression was applied for prediction of treatment outcome.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Symptom severity (odds ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u00a0=\u00a03.31), psychotic symptoms (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02.52), suicidal risk (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 1.74), generalized anxiety disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.68), inpatient status (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.65), higher number of antidepressants administered previously (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.23), and lifetime depressive episodes (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.15) as well as longer duration of the current episode (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.022) increased the risk of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Prediction of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      reached an accuracy of 0.86 in the independent validation set,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010I.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Symptom severity, suicidal risk, higher number of lifetime depressive episodes, and comorbid anxiety disorder were replicated as the most prominent risk factors for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Significant predictors in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      enabled robust prediction of treatment outcome in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010I.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,6]],"date-time":"2018-10-06T06:48:09Z","timestamp":1538808489000},"page":"78-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Clinical factors predicting treatment resistant depression: affirmative results from the European multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Kautzky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8914-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Dold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bartova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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