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Given that cortisol affects cognition, patients with altered hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>) axis functioning may benefit less from such treatments. To investigate this, reliable pretreatment cortisol measures are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 89 outpatients with depression and anxiety disorders were recruited before undergoing therapy within an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAPT<\/jats:styled-content>) service. Three\u2010month hair cortisol was determined, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was administered. Patients were classified as responders if they showed significant decreases in depression (&gt;= 6 points on the Patient Health Questionnaire) or anxiety (&gt;= 5 points on the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010responders in terms of depression (57%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol concentrations (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.041) and reported more physical abuse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.024), sexual abuse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010) and total trauma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.039) when compared to responders. Non\u2010responders in terms of anxiety (48%) had lower pretreatment hair cortisol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027), as well as higher levels of emotional abuse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.034), physical abuse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.042) and total trauma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.048).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>If future research confirms hair cortisol to be a predictor of psychological therapy response, this may prove a useful clinical biomarker which identifies a subgroup requiring more intensive treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,10]],"date-time":"2018-10-10T04:36:47Z","timestamp":1539146207000},"page":"526-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Hair cortisol and childhood trauma predict psychological therapy response in depression and anxiety disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9111-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hotopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK"},{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Camberwell London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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