{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:03:46Z","timestamp":1792555426409,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001637","name":"Trinity College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n Support for\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201011 post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and complex\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n CPTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is growing; however, few studies include refugees or examine the clinical utility of\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CPTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n classifications. This study sought to provide the first evaluations of (i) the factor structure of\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201011\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CPTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n amongst refugees in the Middle East; and (ii) the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire (\n ITQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) to identify\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CPTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in a humanitarian context.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Method<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants were 112 treatment\u2010seeking Syrian refugees living in Lebanon. Factorial validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (\n CFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) based on responses to the\n ITQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Clinical utility of the\n ITQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n was assessed through semi\u2010structured interviews with six Lebanese psychotherapists.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Complex\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (36.1%) was more common than\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (25.2%), and no sex or age differences were observed at the prevalence or symptomatic levels.\n CFA<\/jats:styled-content>\n results supported a two\u2010factor higher\u2010order model consistent with\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201011\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CPTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Qualitative findings indicated that the\n ITQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n is generally positively regarded, with some limitations and suggested modifications noted.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This is the first study to support the\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201011\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CPTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n amongst refugees in the Middle East and the clinical utility of the\n ITQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n in a humanitarian context. Findings support the growing evidence for the cross\u2010cultural applicability of\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201011\n PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CPTSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T22:28:46Z","timestamp":1540420126000},"page":"547-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["ICD<\/scp>\n \u201011\n PTSD<\/scp>\n and complex\n PTSD<\/scp>\n amongst Syrian refugees in Lebanon: the factor structure and the clinical utility of the International Trauma Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6315-3029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Valli\u00e8res","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2"},{"name":"School of Psychology University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ceannt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Daccache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Corps Lebanon Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Abou Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Corps Lebanon Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical Corps Lebanon Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2"},{"name":"School of Psychology University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Shevlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Institute Ulster University Londonderry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1821-0025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Institute Ulster University Londonderry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Hyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Global Health University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin 2"},{"name":"School of Business International Financial Services Centre National College of Ireland Dublin 1 Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Report of proceedings of event \u201cout of the shadows: making mental health a global development priority\u201d","author":"World Bank Group, WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"UNHCR.Figures at a Glance2016. 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