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We examined the association between leptin and suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia, together with the influence of other clinical and biological indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited a sample of 270 participants with schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses. Blood samples were analysed for leptin, while symptom severity was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PANSS<\/jats:styled-content>) and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010C). Patients' history of suicidal behaviour was categorized into three subgroups based on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IDS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010C suicide subscale: No suicidal behaviour, mild\/moderate suicidal behaviour and severe suicidal behaviour with\/without attempts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mild\/moderate suicidal behaviour was present in 17.4% and severe suicidal behaviour in 34.8%. Both groups were significantly associated with female gender (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 6.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 5.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), lower leptin levels (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008) and more severe depression (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.1, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) respectively. Smoking (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 2.6, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004), younger age of onset (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) and less use of leptin\u2010increasing medications (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.5, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.031) were associated with severe\/attempts group, while higher C\u2010reactive protein <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> = 1.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008) was associated with mild\/moderate group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower leptin levels were associated with higher severity of suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,8]],"date-time":"2019-03-08T10:40:17Z","timestamp":1552041617000},"page":"464-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association between leptin levels and severity of suicidal behaviour in schizophrenia spectrum disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. 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