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We aimed to examine the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> on cortical thickness and their associations with clinical outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using 3 Tesla <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> scanner, we obtained T1\u2010weighted brain images of 18 severely depressed patients at three time points: before, right after and 6\u00a0months after a series of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>. The thickness of 68 cortical regions was extracted using Free Surfer, and Linear Mixed Model was used to analyze the longitudinal changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found significant increases in cortical thickness of 26 regions right after a series of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>, mainly within the frontal, temporal and insular cortex. The thickness returned to the baseline values at 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. We detected no significant decreases in cortical thickness. The increase in the thickness of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex was associated with a greater antidepressant effect, <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.75, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0005. None of the cortical\u00a0regions showed any associations with cognitive side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increases in cortical thickness induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> are transient. Further multimodal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> studies should examine the neural correlates of these increases and their relationship with the antidepressant effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T14:14:22Z","timestamp":1562076862000},"page":"205-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Cortical thickness following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression: a longitudinal MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Gbyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuropsychiatric Depression Research Mental Health Centre Glostrup The University of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Rostrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research Mental Health Centre Glostrup The University of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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