{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:32:46Z","timestamp":1780579966393,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]],"date-time":"2019-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used in patients with severe forms of bipolar depression. ECT is effective but not all patients respond. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors for response to ECT in patients hospitalized for bipolar depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained from several national Swedish registers. All patients with bipolar depression treated with ECT in any hospital in Sweden between 2011 and 2016 for whom information about ECT response was available were included (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01251). Response was defined as a score on the Clinical Global Impression \u2013 Improvement scale of one or two. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to investigate associations between socio\u2010demographic and clinical factors and response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Response was achieved in 80.2% patients. Older age was associated with higher response rate to ECT. Patients with comorbid obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and patients previously treated with lamotrigine had lower response rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar depression was associated with very high response rates. The strongest prognostic factors were higher age, absence of comorbid obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder or personality disorder, and less prior pharmacologic treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T15:08:24Z","timestamp":1563894504000},"page":"196-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Electroconvulsive therapy in bipolar depression \u2013 effectiveness and prognostic factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6883-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Popiolek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health University Health Care Research Centre \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro 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