{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:52:57Z","timestamp":1785322377576,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004061","name":"Oesterreichische Nationalbank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P23021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P23021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Continuation electroconvulsive therapy (c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>) is highly effective for the prevention of depressive symptom relapse. There is a lack of understanding, about how c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> works in humans, particularly with regard to its effects on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations. Here, we aimed to close a gap in the literature by evaluating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content> levels in patients receiving c\u2010ECT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 13 patients with either unipolar or bipolar depression (mean age\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>: 55.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.1; f\/m: 10\/3; unipolar\/bipolar: 10\/3) who received between one and four c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> (average per patient: 2.8). Serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sBDNF<\/jats:styled-content>) levels were assessed before and after each c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> sessions. Clinical assessments were also administered both before and after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analysis revealed a significant increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sBDNF<\/jats:styled-content> after each treatment (c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u20103: <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001, c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> 4: <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018). The application of multiple c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> treatments was not, however, associated with further <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sBDNF<\/jats:styled-content> enhancements. Psychometric scores were not significantly altered following c\u2010ECT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sBDNF<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations subsequent to c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content> parallel data from the animal literature, which has linked regularly applied electrical stimulation to neuroplastic processes. This finding suggests a relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sBDNF<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations and (sustained) remission status, considering a stable clinical condition across c\u2010ECT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T13:25:05Z","timestamp":1564665905000},"page":"426-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Repetitive enhancement of serum <scp>BDNF<\/scp> subsequent to continuation <scp>ECT<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5116-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Vanicek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. S.","family":"Kranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-630X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Vyssoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Komorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Fugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"H\u00f6flich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Micskei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Milovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4641-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Lanzenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9341-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Laboratory for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular &amp; Cognitive Neuroscience (MCN) University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8278-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Kasper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3826","article-title":"Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world","volume":"317","author":"Friedrich MJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.804195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.1001786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.11.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2004.6.2\/rduman","article-title":"Neural plasticity: consequences of stress and actions of antidepressant treatment","volume":"6","author":"Duman RS","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association.The practice of electroconvulsive therapy recommendations for treatment training and privileging. A task force report of the American psychiatric association 2nd edn. Washington DC 2001:355."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2008.10.1\/tcbaghai","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy and its different indications","volume":"10","author":"Baghai TC","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3182455758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e318276591f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e318177275d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23685-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0312-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e31815d6957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2014.892633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3475-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2015.1131327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03251.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145712000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001150170045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-014-0543-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181c18bbf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1224162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00141-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00529-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.720029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018940732550"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.615863"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.01.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.048512"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2010.545187"}],"container-title":["Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acps.13080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acps.13080","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acps.13080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T16:36:19Z","timestamp":1694190979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acps.13080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acps.13080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.13080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-690X","1600-0447"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-690X","type":"print"},{"value":"1600-0447","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}