{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:20:21Z","timestamp":1787671221286,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["136947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["136947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal blood lipid levels are common in bipolar disorder (BD) and correlate with mood symptoms and neurocognition. However, studies have not examined the lipid\u2013brain structure association in BD or youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study examined low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL\u2010C), high\u2010density lipoprotein (HDL\u2010C), triglycerides, and total cholesterol (TC) levels in relation to brain structure utilizing T1\u2010weighted images, among participants ages 13\u201320 with BD (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a055) and healthy controls (HC;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a047). General linear models investigated group differences in the association of lipids with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, and inferior parietal lobe structure, controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and intracranial volume. For significant associations, post hoc within\u2010group analyses were undertaken. Exploratory vertex\u2010wise analyses further investigated group differences in the lipid\u2013brain structure association.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There were significant group differences in the association of LDL\u2010C (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.29\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001), and TC (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.21\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.016), with hippocampal volume, and triglycerides with ACC volume (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.25\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01) and area (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.26\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004). Elevated lipids were associated with smaller brain structure to a significantly greater extent in BD vs HC. Post hoc analyses revealed that elevated LDL\u2010C (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.27\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007) and reduced HDL\u2010C (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.24\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01) were associated with smaller hippocampal volume in the BD group. Exclusion of BD second\u2010generation antipsychotic users did not alter these results. Vertex\u2010wise analyses further showed that elevated lipids were associated with smaller brain structure to a significantly greater extent in BD vs HC, across the cortex.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated lipids are associated with smaller brain structure in BD. Research evaluating lipid\u2013brain structure associations prospectively and whether lipid optimization has salutary effects on brain structure is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T16:10:24Z","timestamp":1611591024000},"page":"513-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Elevated lipids are associated with reduced regional brain structure in youth with bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"143","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4510-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kody G.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology University of Toronto Toronto ON 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