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We investigated if any of the subdimensions of childhood ADHD, that is, impulsivity, inattention, or hyperactivity was more prominent in this association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a nation\u2010wide cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u200913,330), we utilized parent reported symptoms of childhood ADHD and clinically ascertained adult BPD diagnoses. The summed total scores of ADHD symptoms and its three subdimensions were used and standardized for effect size comparison. Associations were analyzed using Cox regression with sex and birth\u2010year adjustments. Secondary outcomes were BPD\u2010associated traits (i.e., self\u2010harm and substance use) analyzed using logistic\u2010 and linear regression respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ADHD symptom severity was positively associated with BPD with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22\u20131.79) per standard deviation increase in total ADHD symptoms. Impulsivity was the most prominent subdimension with the only statistically significant association when analyzed in a model mutually adjusted for all ADHD subdimensions\u2014HR for inattention: 1.15 (95% CI: 0.85\u20131.55), hyperactivity: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.69\u20131.26), impulsivity: 1.46 (95% CI: 1.12\u20131.91). In secondary analyses, weak positive associations were seen between total ADHD symptom score and self\u2010harm and substance use. In analyses by subdimensions of ADHD, associations were weak and most prominent for inattention in the model with self\u2010harm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood ADHD symptoms were associated with subsequent development of BPD diagnosis and appeared to be driven primarily by impulsivity. Our findings are important for understanding the association between childhood symptoms of ADHD and subsequent BPD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T08:35:52Z","timestamp":1657787752000},"page":"370-380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Childhood symptoms of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and borderline personality disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Annika","family":"Tiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet &amp; Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9046-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Ohlis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet &amp; 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