{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T01:20:43Z","timestamp":1787966443050,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to estimate the association between urbanicity and the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to investigate heterogeneity therein according to age and socioeconomic position (SEP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed administrative data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database for patients with PTSD from 2004 to 2018 (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0109,230) and for a 1:4 sample of age\u2010, sex\u2010, and enrollment year\u2010matched controls. Information on eligibility, SEP (proxied by insurance premium), place of residence, diagnosis, and medical claims was obtained. Urbanicity of administrative districts was assessed using data from the Korean Statistical Information Service, 2005\u20132018. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) from baseline and time\u2010dependent models. Subgroup analyses and polynomial splines were used to investigate heterogeneity by age and SEP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urbanicity was associated with an increased risk of PTSD (per 10%p increase, HR\u00a0=\u00a01.056, 95% CI 1.050\u20131.061). A positive association was estimated among patients aged 0\u201329\u2009years (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.115, CI 1.106\u20131.124), while negative associations were estimated among patients aged 30\u201364\u2009years (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.990, CI 0.987\u20130.994) and 65\u2009years or older (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.992, CI 0.979\u20131.014). The estimated associations with urbanicity were more prominent at the extremes of SEP, but only among younger participants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urban residence was associated with an increased risk of PTSD diagnosis. The estimated association was larger among younger individuals (but not among middle\u2010aged and older individuals). Among younger individuals, the estimated association was larger at both extremes of SEP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T01:10:07Z","timestamp":1662772207000},"page":"54-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Urbanicity, posttraumatic stress disorder, and effect modification by socioeconomic position: A nested case\u2013control study of the\n                    <scp>Korean National Health Insurance Database<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"147","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-5085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwanghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Graduate School, Yonsei University  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