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The findings may guide scalability and contribute to the advancement and optimization of immersive VR\u2010based interventions for mental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search across four databases screened 2443 studies. Outcomes were disorder\u2010specific symptoms, cognition, function, and quality of life. The study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023465845) and follows the reporting standards outlined in the PRISMA guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010five studies involving a total of 3031 participants covering 10 mental disorders were included in the analysis. VR interventions demonstrated statistically significant effects of post\u2010treatment compared to active control conditions for alcohol use disorder (reduced state anxiety,\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.89, 95% CI[0.24, 1.55]) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (reduced psychotic symptoms,\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.37, 95% CI[0.04, 0.70]). Compared to passive control conditions, statistically significant effects of VR interventions were observed for panic and agoraphobia (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.28, 95% CI [0.47, 2.10]), social anxiety disorder (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.83, 95% CI [0.49, 1.17]), specific phobias (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.07, 95% CI[0.22, 1.92]), depression symptoms in PTSD (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.67, 95% CI [0.22;1.13]). In contrast, no significant differences were found between VR interventions and active control conditions for functioning and quality of life in schizophrenia spectrum disorder and panic or agoraphobia. No meta\u2010analyses were conducted on cognition due to insufficient data. Over 50% of the included studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias. According to the GRADE assessment, evidence for VR\u2010based interventions across various mental disorders was generally of low to very low certainty, with a few exceptions rated as moderate certainty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VR interventions may potentially have benefits, particularly when compared to passive control conditions, however, the evidence remains uncertain necessitating more large\u2010scale, methodologically robust studies. Current findings can thus only be considered indicative. Recommendations on future directions of the VR field are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T19:09:40Z","timestamp":1734894580000},"page":"210-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality\u2010Based Treatment for Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review With Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"151","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0960-3310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatime","family":"Zeka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VIRTU Research Group Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Mental Health Services  CPH Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Clemmensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIRTU Research Group Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Mental Health Services  CPH Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Valmaggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ORYGEN, Centre for Youth Mental Health University of Melbourne  Kobenhavn Australia"},{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Melbourne Centre for Youth Mental Health  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Veling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6943-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Hjorth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3621-8450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise Birkedal","family":"Glenth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VIRTU Research Group Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 Mental Health Services  CPH Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171700040X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215\u20100366"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102213"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2015.1015740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2018.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.07.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/26736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2804"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046\u20104053\u20104\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"C.Software \u201cCovidence Systematic Review Software Veritas Health Innovation Melbourne Australia \u201d2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"RoB 2 Guidance: Parallel Trial","volume":"28","author":"Higgins J. 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