{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:54:27Z","timestamp":1790906067204,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011797","name":"Turun Yliopistollinen Keskussairaala","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011797","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n We aimed to investigate the risks of all\u2010cause and cause\u2010specific mortality associated with dose\u2010dependent benzodiazepine and Z\u2010drug (\n BZDR)<\/jats:styled-content>\n use in the Finnish population initiating new\n BZDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n use with five\u2010year follow\u2010up.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Study subjects were included if BZDR use had started in 2006 with no BZDR dispensing during the preceding years 2004\u20132005. The information drug dispensing was modeled with PRE2DUP method as time\u2010varying measure updated at every dispensing and then divided into three dose categories which were low dose (<\u20091.0 Defined Daily Doses [DDDs] per day), medium to high dose (1.0\u2013<\u20093.0 DDDs\/day) and very high\u2010dose (\u2265\u20093.0 DDDs\/day). Risk of mortality was studied with Cox regression models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The study included 48,124 incident\n BZDR<\/jats:styled-content>\n users aged 18\u201365\u2009years (44.4% male). During the 5\u2010year follow\u2010up, 2294 (4.9%) individuals died. Compared to non\u2010use periods,\n BZDRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n use was associated with increased mortality risk (adjusted Hazard Ratio\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.28, 95% Confidence Interval\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.16\u20131.41). Compared to the time periods when\n BZDRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n were not used, both medium to high\u2010dose use (\n aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.58, 1.36\u20131.74) and very\u2010high\u2010dose use (\n aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.68, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.20\u20133.26) were associated with an increased risk of all\u2010cause mortality, whereas low dose use was not. The highest risk estimates were observed during very high\u2010dose use and for potentially preventable deaths such as overdoses (\n aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 6.18, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.77\u201310.12), suicides (\n aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4.46, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.79\u20137.13), and accidents (\n aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 3.77, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.66\u20135.35).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Persons using\n BZDRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n in very high doses are at a six\u2010fold increased risk of overdose deaths compared to non\u2010use, and those using\n BZDRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n in medium to high doses are at a three\u2010fold increased risk. In low doses, however, the risk of all\u2010cause mortality was not elevated. The mortality risk strongly associates with higher doses and is often characterized by concomitant use of more than one\n BZDRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n at the same time.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:35:33Z","timestamp":1782102933000},"page":"342-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benzodiazepine Use and Mortality Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study on New Benzodiazepine Users With a 5\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"154","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5819-0586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"S\u00e4rkil\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Institute University of Turku Turku Finland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Turku University Hospital Turku 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