{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:59:28Z","timestamp":1790247568768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Psychiatr Scand"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine labour market outcomes among spouses of individuals with a hospital\u2010recorded diagnosis of a mental disorder living with dependent children, compared with matched controls, and to assess whether these associations differ by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a nationwide, register\u2010based matched cohort study using data from Danish population registers from 2010 to 2022. Cases were spouses cohabiting with an individual diagnosed with a mental disorder and with at least one child aged 0\u201317\u2009years living at home at the index date. Controls were matched 1:10 on age, sex, and cohabitation status and had no partner with a registered mental disorder at the index date. Outcomes were taxable income, degree of employment (percentage of full\u2010time employment), and receipt of sickness benefits, assessed from 5\u2009years before to 5\u2009years after the index date. Analyses used fixed\u2010effects linear models and conditional fixed\u2010effects logistic regression with both unadjusted and covariate\u2010adjusted estimates, and sex\u2010by\u2010case status interactions were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 54,080 cases and 468,541 matched controls. Across the observation period, spouses of individuals with mental illness had persistently lower income and degree of employment and higher odds of receiving sickness benefits than controls. Five years after the index date, cases had a 16% lower annual income and a 12 percentage point lower degree of employment compared with controls. Odds of receiving sickness benefits increased markedly in the year following the partner's diagnosis. Sex\u2010specific analyses showed that male spouses experienced larger relative income loss, whereas female spouses exhibited greater reductions in degree of employment and higher absolute levels of sickness benefit receipt.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spousal mental illness is associated with substantial and sustained labour market disadvantages in families with dependent children, even within a universal welfare system. The observed sex\u2010specific patterns suggest that caregiving\u2010related economic consequences are structured along sex\u2010specific divisions of labour. These findings highlight the need to consider spouses in policy responses to mental illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:03:21Z","timestamp":1790244201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Caregiving and Work: Labour Market Outcomes in Spouses of Patients With a Mental Illness\u2014A Danish Nationwide Matched Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1587-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisbeth Juhl","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health \u2013 CORE Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6943-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Hjorth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health \u2013 CORE Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Signe Sofie","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health \u2013 CORE Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4939-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Benros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Research Centre for Biological and Precision Psychiatry Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Dorothee","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4895-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merete","family":"Nordentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health \u2013 CORE Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Amalie Elgaard","family":"Thorup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health \u2013 CORE Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Ranning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health \u2013 CORE Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences University of 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