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We sought to characterize the impact of childhood abuse and neglect on the neural correlates of stress\u2010 and drug cue\u2010induced drug craving associated with cocaine addiction. Cocaine\u2010dependent men with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920) and without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918) moderate to severe childhood maltreatment histories underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during script\u2010guided mental imagery of personalized stress, drug use and neutral experiences. Compared to the neutral script, the stress and drug use scripts activated striatal, prefrontal, posterior cingulate, temporal and cerebellar regions consistent with prior studies of induced states of stress and drug craving. For the stress script, maltreated men exhibited reduced activation of the anterior precuneus and supplementary motor area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>); the interaction of maltreatment severity and stress\u2010induced craving responses predicted lesser rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation. For the drug use script, maltreated men exhibited greater left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation. The interaction of maltreatment severity and craving responses was associated with greater activation of the visual cortex and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMA<\/jats:styled-content>, whereas a maltreatment\u2010by\u2010anxiety interaction effect included lesser ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation. The outcomes indicate an association of childhood maltreatment with a heightened appetitive anticipatory response to drug cues and a diminished engagement of regulatory and controlled action selection processes in response to stress\u2010 or drug cue\u2010induced drug craving and anxiety responses for cocaine\u2010dependent men. These findings provide novel insights into possible brain mechanisms by which childhood maltreatment heightens risk for relapse in drug\u2010dependent individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T03:43:49Z","timestamp":1410493429000},"page":"820-831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Effects of childhood maltreatment on the neural correlates of stress\u2010 and drug cue\u2010induced cocaine craving"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Elton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Imaging Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonet","family":"Smitherman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Imaging Research Center Psychiatric Research 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