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Studies have demonstrated lower abuse liability of the buprenorphine\/naloxone combination relative to buprenorphine alone. However, clinical research has not yet examined the utility of the combined formulation to deter intranasal use in a buprenorphine\u2010maintained population. Heroin\u2010using volunteers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) lived in the hospital for 8\u20139 weeks and were maintained on each of three sublingual buprenorphine doses (2, 8, 24\u2009mg). Under each maintenance dose, participants completed laboratory sessions during which the reinforcing and subjective effects of intranasal doses of buprenorphine (8, 16\u2009mg), buprenorphine\/naloxone (8\/2, 8\/8, 8\/16, 16\/4\u2009mg) and controls (placebo, heroin 100\u2009mg, naloxone 4\u2009mg) were assessed. Intranasal buprenorphine alone typically produced increases in positive subjective effects and the 8\u2009mg dose was self\u2010administered above the level of placebo. The addition of naloxone dose dependently reduced positive subjective effects and increased aversive effects. No buprenorphine\/naloxone combination dose was self\u2010administered significantly more than placebo. These data suggest that within a buprenorphine\u2010dependent population, intranasal buprenorphine\/naloxone has reduced abuse potential in comparison to buprenorphine alone. These data strongly argue in favor of buprenorphine\/naloxone rather than buprenorphine alone as the more reasonable option for managing the risk of buprenorphine misuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,25]],"date-time":"2014-07-25T04:21:29Z","timestamp":1406262089000},"page":"784-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Abuse potential of intranasal buprenorphine versus buprenorphine\/naloxone in buprenorphine\u2010maintained heroin users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jermaine D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Substance Abuse New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Substance Abuse New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne K.","family":"Vosburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Substance Abuse New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne M.","family":"Manubay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Substance Abuse New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanthi","family":"Mogali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Substance Abuse New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Metz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Substance Abuse New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra D.","family":"Comer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Substance Abuse New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490440780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Abuse liability of buprenorphine\u2010a study among experienced drug users","volume":"42","author":"Bedi NS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20047-7","article-title":"Buprenorphine: dose\u2010related blockade of opioid challenge effects in opioid dependent humans","volume":"247","author":"Bickel WK","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1980.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508184"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V35N7p492","article-title":"Abuse and prescription buprenorphine, regulatory controls and the role of the primary physician","volume":"35","author":"Chua SM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.038141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-199712000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.090423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02843.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/17.6.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"1071","volume-title":"Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide","author":"Doyon S","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration(2013)Heroin Domestic Monitor Program. 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