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Examples include central nervous system dysfunction, depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, and an inability to deal with stressful situations, increased infection and cancer. Direct effects of alcohol leading to developmental abnormalities often involve epigenetic modifications of genes that regulate cellular functions. Epigenetic marks carried over from the parents are known to undergo molecular programming events that happen early in embryonic development by a wave of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> demethylation, which leaves the embryo with a fresh genomic composition. The proopiomelanocortin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pomc<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) gene controls neuroendocrine\u2010immune functions and is imprinted by fetal alcohol exposure. Recently, this gene has been shown to be hypermethylated through three generations. Additionally, the alcohol epigenetic marks on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pomc<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> gene are maintained in the male but not in the female germline during this transgenerational transmission. These data suggest that the male\u2010specific chromosome might be involved in transmitting alcohol epigenetic marks through multiple generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T09:19:43Z","timestamp":1421054383000},"page":"23-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Male germline transmits fetal alcohol epigenetic marks for multiple generations: a review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dipak K.","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Endocrine Program Department of Animal Sciences Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey  Piscataway Township NJ 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