{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:40:10Z","timestamp":1791499210153,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]],"date-time":"2016-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria","award":["CP04\/00121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP04\/00121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cocaine addiction has been associated with increased sensitivity of the human reward circuit to drug\u2010related stimuli. However, the capacity of non\u2010drug incentives to engage this network is poorly understood. Here, we characterized the functional sensitivity to monetary incentives and the structural integrity of the human reward circuit in abstinent cocaine\u2010dependent (CD) patients and their matched controls. We assessed the BOLD response to monetary gains and losses in 30 CD patients and 30 healthy controls performing a lottery task in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We measured brain gray matter volume (GMV) using voxel\u2010based morphometry and white matter microstructure using voxel\u2010based fractional anisotropy (FA). Functional data showed that, after monetary incentives, CD patients exhibited higher activation in the ventral striatum than controls. Furthermore, we observed an inverted BOLD response pattern in the prefrontal cortex, with activity being highest after unexpected high gains and lowest after losses. Patients showed increased GMV in the caudate and the orbitofrontal cortex, increased white matter FA in the orbito\u2010striatal pathway but decreased FA in antero\u2010posterior association bundles. Abnormal activation in the prefrontal cortex correlated with GMV and FA increases in the orbitofrontal cortex. While functional abnormalities in the ventral striatum were inversely correlated with abstinence duration, structural alterations were not. In conclusion, results suggest abnormal incentive processing in CD patients with high salience for rewards and punishments in subcortical structures but diminished prefrontal control after adverse outcomes. They further suggest that hypertrophy and hyper\u2010connectivity within the reward circuit, to the expense of connectivity outside this network, characterize cocaine addiction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T02:45:42Z","timestamp":1453257942000},"page":"844-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Cocaine addiction is associated with abnormal prefrontal function, increased striatal connectivity and sensitivity to monetary incentives, and decreased connectivity outside the human reward circuit"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Vaquero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat  Spain"},{"name":"Department of Basic Psychology University of Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"C\u00e1mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Sampedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"P\u00e9rez de los Cobos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Unit, Department of Psychiatry Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau)  Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Autonomous University of Barcelona  Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Batlle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addictive Behaviors Unit, Department of Psychiatry Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau)  Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine Autonomous University of Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Fabregas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Treatment of addictions (CITA)  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Artur","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup ATRA  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merc\u00e8","family":"Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grup ATRA  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Salut i Comunitat  Spain"},{"name":"Addiction postgraduate course, School of Psychology University of Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Lazcano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3 Salut i Comunitat  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Fornells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL L'Hospitalet de Llobregat  Spain"},{"name":"Department of Basic Psychology University of Barcelona  Spain"},{"name":"Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies ICREA  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Riba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental CIBERSAM  Spain"},{"name":"Human Neuropsychopharmacology Group Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB\u2010Sant Pau)  Spain"},{"name":"Centre d'Investigaci\u00f3 de Medicaments, Servei de Farmacologia Cl\u00ednica Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau  Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Farmacologia i Terap\u00e8utica Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90168-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/14833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2000.10736099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1185778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp263"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35000219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202847"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1579"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00110-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200108080-00060"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.3.486"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.06.2009.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1105-1442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2014.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08491.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1179-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05128.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00930-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199901)31:1<59::AID-SYN8>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890140210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386830a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010654108"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadb.12356","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadb.12356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.12356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:50:21Z","timestamp":1696524621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.12356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.12356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12356","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-07-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-12-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}