{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:13:45Z","timestamp":1788455625713,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuroimaging in pathological gambling (PG) allows studying brain structure independent of pharmacological\/neurotoxic effects occurring in substance addiction. Because of high comorbidity of PG with substance use disorder (SUD), first results on structural deficits in PG are controversial. The current investigation is the first to examine gray matter (GM) volume alterations in PG controlling for the impact of SUD by comparing non\u2010comorbid (PG<jats:sub>PURE<\/jats:sub>) and two comorbid (PG<jats:sub>ALCOHOL<\/jats:sub> and PG<jats:sub>POLY<\/jats:sub>) groups. Two hundred and five individuals were included in the analysis: 107 patients diagnosed with PG and 98 healthy controls (HCs). We employed voxel\u2010based morphometry to look for GM volume differences between the groups controlling for age, smoking and depression. GM decreases in the superior medial and orbital frontal cortex occur independently of substance use in PG<jats:sub>PURE<\/jats:sub> compared with HCs. The frontal pattern of GM decrease was comparable with PG<jats:sub>ALCOHOL<\/jats:sub> group where additionally GM volume was decreased in the anterior cingulate but increased in the amygdala. Moreover, regions in PG<jats:sub>ALCOHOL + POLY<\/jats:sub> with reduced GM volume were the medial frontal, anterior cingulate and occipital lobe regions. PG<jats:sub>ALCOHOL + POLY<\/jats:sub> not only exhibited structural deficits in comparison with HCs but also relative to PG<jats:sub>PURE<\/jats:sub> in the precuneus and post\u2010central gyrus. We demonstrated specific frontal cortex GM deficits in PG without SUD comorbidities. Whereas some target regions reported in earlier studies might result from comorbid substance abuse, there seems to be a core set of frontal alterations associated with addicted gambling behaviour independent of toxic substance effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,16]],"date-time":"2016-01-16T03:27:03Z","timestamp":1452914823000},"page":"864-872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Frontal cortex gray matter volume alterations in pathological gambling occur independently from substance use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Zois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tagrid","family":"Lemenager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Vollst\u00e4dt\u2010Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"Fauth\u2010B\u00fchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim University of Heidelberg  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00136-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.49.11.1434"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neuro\u2010genetics of reward deficiency syndrome (rds) as the root cause of \u201caddiction transfer\u201d: a new phenomenon common after bariatric surgery","volume":"2012","author":"Blum K","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Genet Syndr Gene Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014580112648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01483-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000179368.87886.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.3.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-007-9001-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2015.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491884"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-013-0668-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2550-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-5557-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00251-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.3.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.10020233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790340050008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2012.00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220490905705"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940904000110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01853.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5606-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07121877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.6.694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.231"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadb.12368","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadb.12368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.12368","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:49:17Z","timestamp":1696524557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.12368"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.12368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12368","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-12-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}