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However, the molecular and neurobiological substrates that are engaged during early traumatic events and mediate the greater risk of relapse are poorly understood and knowledge of risk factors is to date extremely limited. In this study, we modeled childhood maltreatment by exposing juvenile mice to a threatening social experience (social stressed, S\u2010S). We showed that S\u2010S experience influenced the propensity to reinstate cocaine\u2010seeking after periods of withdrawal in adulthood. By exploring global gene expression in blood leukocytes we found that this behavioral phenotype was associated with greater blood coagulation. In parallel, impairments in brain microvasculature were observed in S\u2010S mice. Furthermore, treatment with an anticoagulant agent during withdrawal abolished the susceptibility to reinstate cocaine\u2010seeking in S\u2010S mice. These findings provide novel insights into a possible molecular mechanism by which childhood maltreatment heightens the risk for relapse in cocaine\u2010dependent individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T15:49:06Z","timestamp":1455292146000},"page":"911-922","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Social threat exposure in juvenile mice promotes cocaine\u2010seeking by altering blood clotting and brain vasculature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Lo Iacono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Valzania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome 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