{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:18:33Z","timestamp":1791350313938,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003977","name":"National Center for Responsible Gaming","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In light of the upcoming eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD\u201011), the question arises as to the most appropriate classification of \u2018Pathological Gambling\u2019 (\u2018PG\u2019). Some academic opinion favors leaving PG in the \u2018Impulse Control Disorder\u2019 (\u2018ICD\u2019) category, as in ICD\u201010, whereas others argue that new data especially from the neurobiological area favor allocating it to the category of \u2018Substance\u2010related and Addictive Disorders\u2019 (\u2018SADs\u2019), following the decision in the fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The current review examines important findings in relation to PG, with the aim of enabling a well\u2010informed decision to be made with respect to the classification of PG as a SAD or ICD in ICD\u201011. Particular attention is given to cognitive deficits and underlying neurobiological mechanisms that play a role in SADs and ICDs. These processes are impulsivity, compulsivity, reward\/punishment processing and decision\u2010making. In summary, the strongest arguments for subsuming PG under a larger SAD category relate to the existence of similar diagnostic characteristics; the high co\u2010morbidity rates between the disorders; their common core features including reward\u2010related aspects (positive reinforcement: behaviors are pleasurable at the beginning which is not the case for ICDs); the findings that the same brain structures are involved in PG and SADs, including the ventral striatum. Research on compulsivity suggests a relationship with PG and SAD, particularly in later stages of the disorders. Although research is limited for ICDs, current data do not support continuing to classify PG as an ICD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T07:27:19Z","timestamp":1456990039000},"page":"885-897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Pathological gambling: a review of the neurobiological evidence relevant for its classification as an addictive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mira","family":"Fauth\u2010B\u00fchler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim\/Heidelberg University  Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Neurobiology and Child Study Center and CASAColumbia Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090377"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.4.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3231-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10500-002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077349"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.060822"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11591790-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016636214258"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-007-9034-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462006005000054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2010.491884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S109285291300028X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054711427398"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.1.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713001839"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061489"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002900"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28720-6_147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00669.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-16-j0002.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1645-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2550-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","unstructured":"MannK LemenagerT Fauth\u2010B\u00fchlerM(2013)Gl\u00fccksspielsucht und verwandte St\u00f6rungen: Patientenzentrierte Erfassung des Risikos und Entwicklung von Fr\u00fchinterventionen f\u00fcr Gef\u00e4hrdete. Endbericht an das Ministerium f\u00fcr Arbeit und Soziale Ordnung Familien und Senioren Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg. [Pathological gambling and related disorders. Report to the Ministry of Social Welfare Baden Wurttemberg Germany]."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-4-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.08.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","unstructured":"MeyerC RumpfH KreuzerA deBritoS GloriusS JeskeC KastirkeN PorzS Sch\u00f6nD WestramA KlingerD GoezeC BischofG JohnU(2011).Pathologisches Gl\u00fccksspielen und Epidemiologie (PAGE): Entstehung Komorbidit\u00e4t Remission und Behandlung. Endbericht an das Hessische Ministerium des Innern und f\u00fcr Sport. Greifswald\/ L\u00fcbeck."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5020-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0695-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.828"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/2008.03.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102384"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1378"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2014.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2516-10.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.941014451.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2009.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3250-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","volume-title":"International Classification of Diseases. 9th Revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","volume-title":"The ICD\u201010 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12368"}],"container-title":["Addiction Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadb.12378","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadb.12378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/adb.12378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T22:11:14Z","timestamp":1696457474000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/adb.12378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/adb.12378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12378","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-6215","1369-1600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-6215","type":"print"},{"value":"1369-1600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}