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Recent efforts to address poor treatment outcomes have turned to potential neural markers of relapse risk. Accordingly, the present study examined resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) within and between three large\u2010scale cortical networks: the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and executive control network (ECN). All three have been implicated in relapse\u2010related phenomena including craving, withdrawal and executive control deficits. Forty\u2010five cocaine\u2010dependent individuals and 22 healthy controls completed 6\u2010min resting fMRI scans, The Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, Continuous Performance Test and Cocaine Craving Questionnaire. Cocaine\u2010dependent individuals completed all measures in the final week of a residential treatment episode. Ten control and 9 abstinent cocaine\u2010dependent individuals returned for 3\u20136 month follow\u2010up scan visits. A group\u2010level independent component analysis was employed to generate ECN, DMN and SN components. For individuals abstinent up to day 30 post\u2010treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921), we found enhanced pre\u2010discharge rsFC between the left ECN and both the right ECN and SN as well as between the right ECN and left ECN. Left ECN rsFC effects remained elevated 3\u20136\u2009months later among abstinent cocaine\u2010dependent individuals. Relapse was related to fewer years of education and more years smoking but no other demographic, clinical, treatment and neurocognitive characteristics. Findings suggest that interhemispheric ECN and ECN\u2010SN connectivity strength may protect against relapse to cocaine use following treatment. These patterns of enhanced interhemispheric network connectivity may reflect a greater capacity to engage executive control processes when faced with opportunities to use cocaine post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T10:57:21Z","timestamp":1473245841000},"page":"1790-1801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Executive control network connectivity strength protects against relapse to cocaine use"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Meredith J.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse\u2013Intramural Research Program  Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health  Melbourne VIC Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Youth Mental Health University of Melbourne  Melbourne VIC Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse\u2013Intramural Research Program  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse\u2013Intramural Research Program  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryon","family":"Adinoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry UT Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas TX USA"},{"name":"VA North Texas Health Care System  Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot A.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Branch National Institute on Drug 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