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Individual variation in neural structure has also been associated with impulsivity, a dimensional construct implicated in addictions. This study combines categorical (diagnosis\u2010based) and dimensional (transdiagnostic) approaches to identify neural structural alterations linked to addiction subtypes and trait impulsivity, respectively, across individuals with gambling disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a035), individuals with cocaine\u2010use disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a037) and healthy comparison individuals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a037). High\u2010resolution T1\u2010weighted data were analyzed using modulated voxel\u2010based morphometry (VBM). Statistical analyses were conducted using whole\u2010brain general\u2010linear models, corrected for family\u2010wise error (pFWE\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Categorical analyses indicated a main effect of diagnostic group on prefrontal (dorsal anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex) gray matter volumes (GMVs), involving decreased GMVs among cocaine\u2010use disorder participants only. Dimensional analyses indicated a negative association between trait impulsivity and cortical (insula) and subcortical (amygdala and hippocampus) GMVs across all participants. Conjunction analysis indicated little anatomical overlap between regions identified as differentiating diagnostic groups and regions covarying with impulsivity. These data provide first evidence of neural structural differences between gambling disorder and an illicit substance\u2010use disorder. They further indicate dissociable effects of diagnostic groupings and trait impulsivity on neural structure among individuals with behavioral and drug addictions. Study findings highlight the importance of considering both categorical and dimensional (e.g. Research Domain Criteria; RDoC) analysis approaches within the context of addictions research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,2]],"date-time":"2017-02-02T01:13:20Z","timestamp":1485998000000},"page":"394-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Gray\u2010matter relationships to diagnostic and transdiagnostic features of drug and behavioral addictions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sarah W.","family":"Yip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick D.","family":"Worhunsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiansong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen P.","family":"Morie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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