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In the current study, we examined the effects of 50\u2010mg naltrexone compared with placebo on neural network changes associated with substance dependence in 21 alcohol and 36 poly\u2010drug\u2010dependent individuals compared with 36 healthy volunteers. Graph theoretic and network\u2010based statistical analysis of resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data revealed that alcohol\u2010dependent subjects had reduced functional connectivity of a dispersed network compared with both poly\u2010drug\u2010dependent and healthy subjects. Higher local efficiency was observed in both patient groups, indicating clustered and segregated network topology and information processing. Naltrexone normalized heightened local efficiency of the neural network in alcohol\u2010dependent individuals, to the same levels as healthy volunteers. Naltrexone failed to have an effect on the local efficiency in abstinent poly\u2010substance\u2010dependent individuals. Across groups, local efficiency was associated with substance, but no alcohol exposure implicating local efficiency as a potential premorbid risk factor in alcohol use disorders that can be ameliorated by naltrexone. These findings suggest one possible mechanism for the clinical effects of naltrexone, namely, the amelioration of disrupted network topology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T21:56:50Z","timestamp":1488319010000},"page":"425-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Naltrexone ameliorates functional network abnormalities in alcohol\u2010dependent individuals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Laurel S.","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cambridge  UK"},{"name":"Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwangyeol","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge  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