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We previously identified in the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) a mechanism that influences individual preferences between cocaine use and an alternative action rewarded by a non\u2010drug reward (i.e. sweet water). Here, we sought to test the generality of this mechanism to a different addictive drug, heroin. OFC neuronal activity was recorded while rats responded for heroin or the alternative non\u2010drug reward separately or while they chose between the two. First, we found that heroin\u2010rewarded and sweet water\u2010rewarded actions were encoded by two non\u2010overlapping OFC neuronal populations and that the relative size of the heroin population represented individual drug choices. Second, OFC neurons encoding the preferred action\u2014which was the non\u2010drug action in the large majority of individuals\u2014progressively fired more than non\u2010preferred action\u2010coding neurons 1\u00a0second after the onset of choice trials and around 1\u00a0second before the preferred action was actually chosen, suggesting a pre\u2010choice neuronal competition for action selection. Together with a previous study on cocaine choice, the present study on heroin choice reveals important commonalities in how OFC neurons encode individual drug choices and preferences across different classes of drugs. It also reveals some drug\u2010specific differences in OFC encoding activity. Notably, the proportion of neurons that non\u2010selectively encode both the drug and the non\u2010drug reward was higher when the drug was heroin (present study) than when it was cocaine (previous study). We will discuss the potential functional significance of these commonalities and differences in OFC neuronal activity across different drugs for understanding drug choice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]],"date-time":"2017-07-13T10:56:58Z","timestamp":1499943418000},"page":"880-888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Neuronal representation of individual heroin choices in the orbitofrontal cortex"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9623-3698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karine","family":"Guillem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives France"},{"name":"CNRS Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viridiana","family":"Brenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives France"},{"name":"CNRS Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge H.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives France"},{"name":"CNRS Institut des Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471234311.ch20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)38247-9","article-title":"Feeding induced by opioid stimulation of the ventral striatum: role of opiate receptor subtypes","volume":"265","author":"Bakshi VP","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2626(03)00014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Palatability\u2010induced drinking after administration of morphine, naltrexone and diazepam in the non\u2010deprived rat","volume":"3","author":"Cooper SJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"DSM5","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428151"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Preference for cocaine is represented in the orbitofrontal cortex by an increased proportion of cocaine use\u2010coding neurons","author":"Guillem K","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1962-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"LenoirM AugierE VouillacC AhmedSH(2013a)A choice\u2010based screening method for compulsive drug users in rats. 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