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This has led to the assumption that taking large amounts of drug during extended daily bouts is necessary to develop an addiction phenotype. Recent work shows that within\u2010session intermittent access (IntA) to cocaine produces much less drug intake than continuous\u2010access procedures (i.e. long\u2010access sessions) but evokes addiction symptoms more effectively. IntA\u2010sessions are also long, typically lasting 6\u00a0hours. It is not known whether IntA\u2010sessions must be extended to promote addiction\u2010relevant changes in drug use over time. Here, we determined the influence of IntA\u2010session length on patterns of cocaine use relevant to addiction. Two groups of male Wistar rats self\u2010administered cocaine (0.25\u00a0mg\/kg\/injection, injected over 5\u00a0seconds) during 18 daily IntA\u2010sessions. One group had long 6\u2010hour sessions (Long\u2010IntA), the other group had shorter, 2\u2010hour sessions (Short\u2010IntA). Only Long\u2010IntA rats escalated their cocaine intake over sessions, but both groups developed a burst\u2010like pattern of drug use over time and similar levels of psychomotor sensitization. The two groups also showed robust and similar levels of both responding for cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement and cocaine\u2010induced reinstatement of extinguished drug\u2010seeking behavior. In summary, long IntA\u2010sessions lead to greater cocaine intake than shorter IntA\u2010sessions, but the two conditions are equally effective in evoking the patterns of drug\u2010taking and drug\u2010seeking that define addiction. This suggests that chronic intermittent cocaine use, even during short daily bouts, is sufficient to promote addiction symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T20:51:24Z","timestamp":1529441484000},"page":"641-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Revisiting long\u2010access versus short\u2010access cocaine self\u2010administration in rats: intermittent intake promotes addiction symptoms independent of session length"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0126-3916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florence","family":"Allain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010No\u00ebl","family":"Samaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Canada"},{"name":"CNS Research Group, Faculty of Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130051121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4773-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7188649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"BeveridgeTJR WrayP BrewerA ShapiroB MahoneyJJ NewtonTF(2012)Analyzing human cocaine use patterns to inform animal addiction model development. 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