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This randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled, clinical trial was conducted among 54 patients under MMT. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either 10\u00a0mg melatonin (2 melatonin capsules, 5\u00a0mg each) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a026) or placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a028) once a day, 1\u00a0hour before bedtime for 12\u00a0weeks. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (\u03b2 \u22124.08; 95 percent CI, \u22125.51, \u22122.65; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), Beck Depression Inventory index (\u03b2 \u22125.46; 95% CI, \u22128.92, \u22122.00; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory index (\u03b2 \u22123.87; 95% CI, \u22125.96, \u22121.77; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) and significantly increased International Index of Erectile Functions (\u03b2 5.59; 95% CI, 1.76, 9.42; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005) compared with the placebo. Subjects who received melatonin supplements had significantly lower serum insulin levels (\u03b2 \u22122.53; 95% CI, \u22124.48, \u22120.59; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01), homeostasis model of assessment\u2010insulin resistance (\u03b2 \u22120.56; 95% CI, \u22121.03, \u22120.09; P\u00a0=\u00a00.01) and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (\u03b2 0.01; 95% CI, 0.004, 0.02; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009) and HDL\u2010cholesterol levels (\u03b2 3.71; 95% CI, 1.77, 5.64; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002) compared to placebo. Additionally, melatonin intake resulted in a significant reduction in serum high sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (\u03b2 \u22120.15; 95% CI, \u22120.27, \u22120.02; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02), malondialdehyde (\u03b2 \u22120.31; 95% CI, \u22120.57, \u22120.05; P\u00a0=\u00a00.02) and protein carbonyl (\u03b2 \u22120.06; 95% CI, \u22120.09, \u22120.04; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). This trial indicated that taking melatonin supplements for 12\u00a0weeks by patients under MMT had beneficial effects on their mental health metabolic profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T13:41:45Z","timestamp":1530106905000},"page":"754-764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Expression of Concern: The effects of melatonin supplementation on mental health, metabolic and genetic profiles in patients under methadone maintenance treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Ghaderi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine Kashan University of Medical Sciences  Kashan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid 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