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However, there is a dearth of literature exploring alterations of cortical thickness (CTh) in this population. T1\u2010weighted structural brain MRI was acquired in 75 substance\u2010na\u00efve male offspring of treatment\u2010seeking early onset (&lt;25\u00a0years) AUD patients with high familial loading of AUDs (\u22652 affected relatives) (FHP) and 65 age\u2010matched substance\u2010na\u00efve male controls with negative family history from the community. Surface\u2010based CTh reconstruction was done using FreeSurfer. Univariate general linear models were implemented at each vertex using SurfStat, controlling for age (linear and quadratic effects), and head size, to examine the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh and its relationship with externalizing symptom score (ESS). A Johnson\u2013Neyman procedure revealed that the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh was seen during adolescence, where the FHP group had thicker cortices involving bilateral precentral gyri, left caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral temporo\u2010parietal junction, left inferior\u2010frontal gyrus and right inferior\u2010temporal gyrus. Thicker cortices in left MFG and inferior\u2010parietal lobule were also associated with greater ESS within both groups. More importantly, these group differences diminished with age by young adulthood. Familial AUD risk is associated with age\u2010related differences in maturation of several higher order association cortices that are critical to ongoing development in executive function, emotion regulation and social cognition during adolescence. Early supportive intervention for a delay in alcohol initiation during this critical phase may be crucial for this at\u2010risk population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T11:32:40Z","timestamp":1532950360000},"page":"835-845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Altered brain cortical maturation is found in adolescents with a family history of alcoholism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharath","family":"Holla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)  India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose 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